Table 1.
Characteristics of single- and polysubstance drug-related deaths in select U.S. jurisdictions.
| Totala | One substanceb | Polysubstanceb | chi2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Sex | p<0.001c | ||||||
| Male | 51,822 | 71% | 19,582 | 38% | 32,340 | 62% | |
| Female | 20,567 | 28% | 7,108 | 35% | 13,459 | 65% | |
| Unknown | 688 | 1% | 297 | 43% | 391 | 57% | |
| Race/Ethnicity | p<0.001d | ||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1,026 | 1% | 370 | 36% | 656 | 64% | |
| Asian | 1,007 | 1% | 538 | 53% | 469 | 47% | |
| Black or African American | 15,043 | 21% | 5,775 | 38% | 9,268 | 62% | |
| Hispanic or Latin American | 6,486 | 9% | 3,097 | 48% | 3,389 | 52% | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 79 | 0.1% | 54 | 68% | 25 | 32% | |
| White | 45,756 | 63% | 15,880 | 35% | 29,876 | 65% | |
| Other | 345 | 0% | 122 | 35% | 223 | 65% | |
| More than one race | 1,517 | 2% | 480 | 32% | 1,037 | 68% | |
| Unknown | 1,818 | 2% | 671 | 37% | 1,147 | 63% | |
| Age group | p<0.001e | ||||||
| 0–13 years | 280 | 0.4% | 236 | 84% | 44 | 16% | |
| 14–18 years | 414 | 1% | 261 | 63% | 153 | 37% | |
| 19–24 years | 5,559 | 8% | 2,230 | 40% | 3,329 | 60% | |
| 25–29 years | 7,640 | 10% | 2,490 | 33% | 5,150 | 67% | |
| 30–39 years | 16,632 | 23% | 5,189 | 31% | 11,443 | 69% | |
| 40–49 years | 15,216 | 21% | 5,283 | 35% | 9,933 | 65% | |
| 50–59 years | 17,157 | 23% | 6,675 | 39% | 10,482 | 61% | |
| 60–69 years | 8,422 | 12% | 3,750 | 45% | 4,672 | 55% | |
| 70 years and older | 1,425 | 2% | 742 | 52% | 683 | 48% | |
| Unknown | 332 | 0% | 131 | 39% | 201 | 61% | |
| Source of drugs | |||||||
| Illicit drugs | 61,463 | 84% | 22,585 | 37% | 38,878 | 63% | p<0.001 |
| Pharmaceuticals | 25,475 | 35% | 3,843 | 15% | 21,632 | 85% | p<0.001 |
| Illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals | 14,779 | 20% | – | – | – | – | |
| Other | 14,409 | 20% | – | – | – | – | |
| Specific substances | |||||||
| Opioids | 52,109 | 71% | 11,881 | 23% | 40,228 | 77% | p<0.001 |
| Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs | 33,162 | 45% | 6,668 | 20% | 26,494 | 80% | p<0.001 |
| Heroin | 16,907 | 23% | 2,769 | 16% | 14,138 | 84% | p<0.001 |
| Prescription opioids | 14,598 | 20% | 2,421 | 17% | 12,177 | 83% | p<0.001 |
| Nitazenes, brorphine, U-47700 | 339 | 0.5% | 23 | 7% | 316 | 93% | p<0.001 |
| Opioids, unspecified | 814 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 814 | 100% | – |
| Stimulants | 37,881 | 52% | 12,988 | 34% | 24,893 | 66% | p<0.001 |
| Methamphetamine (w/ or w/out amphetamine) | 19,464 | 27% | 8,386 | 43% | 11,078 | 57% | p<0.001 |
| Amphetamine (w/out methamphetamine) | 1,156 | 2% | 186 | 16% | 970 | 84% | p<0.001 |
| Cocaine | 19,374 | 27% | 4,367 | 23% | 15,007 | 77% | p<0.001 |
| MDMA | 459 | 1% | 49 | 11% | 410 | 89% | p<0.001 |
| Benzodiazepines, thienodiazepines, and z-drugs | 12,483 | 17% | 216 | 2% | 12,267 | 98% | p<0.001 |
| Prescription benzodiazepines | 10,382 | 14% | 132 | 1% | 10,250 | 99% | p<0.001 |
| Designer benzodiazepines/thienodiazepines | 972 | 1% | 28 | 3% | 944 | 97% | p<0.001 |
| Z-drugs | 772 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 772 | 100% | p<0.001 |
| Benzodiazepines, unspecified | 1,326 | 2% | 61 | 5% | 1,265 | 95% | p<0.001 |
| Phencyclidine | 1,051 | 1% | 210 | 20% | 841 | 80% | p<0.001 |
| Xylazine | 918 | 1% | 1 | 0.1% | 917 | 100% | p<0.001 |
| Other illicit drugs | 913 | 1% | 107 | 12% | 806 | 88% | p<0.001 |
| Alcohol | 14,050 | 19% | – | – | – | – | |
| Antidepressants | 4,569 | 6% | 403 | 9% | 4,166 | 91% | |
| Gabapentinoids | 2,869 | 4% | 36 | 1% | 2,833 | 99% | |
| Other prescription medications | 4,020 | 6% | 228 | 6% | 3,792 | 94% | |
| Over the counter medications | 3,502 | 5% | 623 | 18% | 2,879 | 82% | |
| Inhalants | 411 | 1% | 312 | 76% | 99 | 24% | |
| Jurisdiction States | p<0.001 | ||||||
| Alaska | 730 | 1% | 195 | 27% | 535 | 73% | |
| Connecticut | 7,709 | 11% | 1,239 | 16% | 6,470 | 84% | |
| Minnesota | 5,530 | 8% | 2,322 | 42% | 3,208 | 58% | |
| North Carolina | 7,413 | 10% | 2,075 | 28% | 5,338 | 72% | |
| Wyoming | 923 | 1% | 418 | 45% | 505 | 55% | |
| Counties | |||||||
| Cobb, GA | 901 | 1% | 283 | 31% | 618 | 69% | |
| Cook, IL | 11,068 | 15% | 2,616 | 24% | 8,452 | 76% | |
| Harris, TX | 3,472 | 5% | 1,216 | 35% | 2,256 | 65% | |
| Jefferson, AL | 554 | 1% | 203 | 37% | 351 | 63% | |
| Los Angeles, CA | 13,596 | 19% | 7,012 | 52% | 6,584 | 48% | |
| Maricopa, AZ | 4,601 | 6% | 1,948 | 42% | 2,653 | 58% | |
| Milwaukee, WI | 2,497 | 3% | 710 | 28% | 1,787 | 72% | |
| Montgomery, PA | 1,058 | 1% | 275 | 26% | 783 | 74% | |
| Pinal, AZ | 415 | 1% | 231 | 56% | 184 | 44% | |
| Sacramento, CA | 1,721 | 2% | 1,137 | 66% | 584 | 34% | |
| San Diego, CA | 6,068 | 8% | 2,583 | 43% | 3,485 | 57% | |
| Summit, OH | 1,337 | 2% | 674 | 50% | 663 | 50% | |
| Tarrant, TX | 2,851 | 4% | 1,602 | 56% | 1,249 | 44% | |
| Travis, TX | 632 | 1% | 248 | 39% | 384 | 61% | |
| Total | 73,077 | 100% | 26,987 | 37% | 46,090 | 63% | |
a
. Column percentages.
b
. Row percentages.
c
. Excludes unknown.
d
. Combines NHOPI and Other due to small sample sizes, excludes unknown.
e
. Combines 0–13 and 14–18 due to small sample sizes, excludes unknown.