Fig. 4. Effect of OB/T2D and treatment with ZFU, ZFHR, ZFR, and ZL on intestinal α-amylase activity, liver glycogen content, and plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. Supplementation with ZFU, ZFHR, ZFR, and ZL protects against OB/T2D by inhibiting α-amylase activity, improving insulin sensitivity as indicated by increased liver glycogen levels, and reducing plasma glucose and HbA1c concentrations. The most potent effects were observed in rats treated with ZFU and ZFHR. Statistical analysis was performed as described in Fig. 1.