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. 2025 Aug 21;15(36):29528–29543. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03754a

Table 2. Kinetics modeling parameters for CR and NR dyes.

Model CR at pH = 2 NR at pH = 11
Pseudo-1st-order kinetics R 2 = 0.73 Q c, calc. = 37.65 K 1 = 0.029 R 2 = 0.89 Q c, calc. = 61.74 K 1 = 0.024
Pseudo-2nd-order kinetics R 2 = 0.99 Q c, calc. = 200 K 2 = 2.45 × 10−3 R 2 = 0.99 Q c, calc. = 175.43 K 2 = 1.44 × 10−3
Intraparticle diffusion model 1st stage R 1 2 = 0.99 C 1 = 2.4 × 10−4 K id1 = 44.18 R 1 2 = 0.99 C 1 = 2.4 × 10−4 K id1 = 37.93
2nd stage R 2 2 = 0.005 C 2 = 198.09 K id2 = 0.02 R 2 2 = 0.70 C 2 = 149.36 K id2 = 1.54
Parameter (Unit): Qc, calc. (mg g−1); K1 (1/min); K2 (g mg−1 min−1); C1 and C2 (mg g−1); Kid (mg g−1 min1/2)