Table 1.
Distribution of characteristics between cases and controls from the Minnesota birth and cancer registry linkage (2000–2014).
| Characteristic | Controls, N = 5,245a | Cases, N = 1,272a | p-valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.09 | ||||
| 18–29 years | 2,964 | 57.0 | 689 | 54.0 | |
| 30–34 years | 1,451 | 28.0 | 356 | 28.0 | |
| 35+ years | 783 | 15.0 | 220 | 17.0 | |
| Missing | 47 | 7 | |||
| Maternal race/ethnicity | <0.01 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3,974 | 76.0 | 1,003 | 79.0 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 428 | 8.2 | 65 | 5.1 | |
| Hispanic (All races) | 370 | 7.1 | 93 | 7.3 | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander | 332 | 6.4 | 83 | 6.6 | |
| Non-Hispanic other race | 113 | 2.2 | 23 | 1.8 | |
| Missing | 28 | 5 | |||
| Maternal education | 0.05 | ||||
| Some high school or less | 587 | 11.0 | 112 | 9.0 | |
| High school graduated/GED | 1,265 | 25.0 | 288 | 23.0 | |
| Some college/associate degree | 1,399 | 27.0 | 356 | 29.0 | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 1,195 | 23.0 | 319 | 26.0 | |
| Advanced degree | 701 | 14.0 | 173 | 14.0 | |
| Missing | 98 | 24 | |||
| Child sex | 0.03 | ||||
| Female | 2,531 | 48.0 | 570 | 45.0 | |
| Male | 2,714 | 52.0 | 702 | 55.0 | |
| Year of birth | >0.9 | ||||
| 2000–2003 | 1,759 | 34.0 | 418 | 33.0 | |
| 2004–2007 | 1,846 | 35.0 | 452 | 36.0 | |
| 2008–2011 | 1,185 | 23.0 | 291 | 23.0 | |
| 2012–2014 | 455 | 8.7 | 111 | 8.7 | |
| Age at cancer diagnosis (years) | >0.9 | ||||
| 0–4 | 0 | NA | 907 | 71.3 | |
| 5–9 | 0 | NA | 287 | 22.6 | |
| 10–14 | 0 | NA | 78 | 6.1 | |
| Missing | 5,245 | 0 | |||
| Cancer diagnosis | NA | ||||
| Lymphoid leukemias | 0 | NA | 304 | 24.0 | |
| Mature B-cell leukemias | 0 | NA | 268 | 92.7c | |
| Mature T-cell leukemias | 0 | NA | 21 | 7.3c | |
| Acute myeloid leukemias | 0 | NA | 59 | 4.6 | |
| Other leukemias d | 0 | NA | 34 | 2.7 | |
| Hodgkin lymphomas | 0 | NA | 18 | 1.4 | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (except Burkitt lymphoma) | 0 | NA | 28 | 2.2 | |
| Burkitt lymphoma | 0 | NA | 18 | 1.4 | |
| Miscellaneous lymphoreticular neoplasms | 0 | NA | 53 | 4.2 | |
| Ependymomas | 0 | NA | 41 | 3.2 | |
| Astrocytomas | 0 | NA | 134 | 11.0 | |
| Medulloblastomas | 0 | NA | 37 | 2.9 | |
| Other intracranial and intraspinal embryonal e | 0 | NA | 20 | 1.6 | |
| Other CNS cancer types f | 0 | NA | 59 | 4.6 | |
| Neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous cell tumors | 0 | NA | 150 | 12.0 | |
| Retinoblastoma | 0 | NA | 45 | 3.5 | |
| Renal tumors | 0 | NA | 109 | 8.6 | |
| Hepatic tumors | 0 | NA | 26 | 2.0 | |
| Malignant bone tumors | 0 | NA | 19 | 1.5 | |
| Soft tissue and other extraosseous sarcomas | 0 | NA | 56 | 4.4 | |
| Germ cell tumors, trophoblastic tumors and neoplasms of gonads | 0 | NA | 43 | 3.4 | |
| Other malignant epithelial neoplasms and malignant melanomas | 0 | NA | 19 | 1.5 | |
Frequency (percentage).
Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Percentages represent proportion of the total number of lymphoid leukemias.
Chronic myeloproliferative diseases, Myelodysplastic syndrome, Unspecified and other specified leukemias.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Medulloepithelioma, Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.
Other gliomas, other specified intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms, unspecified intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms. 1st Trimester included 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of a pregnancy; 2nd Trimester included 4th, 5th and 6th month of a pregnancy; 3rd Trimester included 7th, 8th, 9th month of a pregnancy. Bold values indicated P-value less than 0.05.