Table 1. Selected optimization condition for Knoevenagel condensation^a.

Entry	Catalyst (mol%)	Solvent	Temp. (°C)	Timeb (min)	Yieldc (%)
1	1	MeOH	25	5	25
2	1	Water	25	5	15
3	1	ACN	25	5	35
4	1	Ethanol	25	5	25
5	1	Ethanol–water	25	5	40
6	1	THF	25	5	20
7	1	CH2Cl2	25	5	15
8	1	Ethanol	25	15	50
9	1	ACN	25	15	85
10	1	Ethanol–water	25	15	95
11	1	THF	25	15	50
12	1	Ethanol–water	25	30	95
13	1	Ethanol–water	50	30	95
14	0.5	Ethanol–water	25	30	90
15	2	Ethanol–water	25	30	90
16	—	Ethanol–water	25	60	15
17	—	Ethanol–water	25	180	30
18	—	Ethanol–water	50	240	30

^aReaction condition: benzaldehyde (1 mmol), malononitrile (1 mmol).

^bReaction progress monitored by TLC.

^cIsolated yield.