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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol. 2025 Aug 12;272(9):569. doi: 10.1007/s00415-025-13295-7

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Longitudinal changes in white matter metabolites from Visit 1 to Visit 2. Boxplots showing the distributions of (A) lobar WM Cho and (B) lobar WM Cr in patients who provided data at Visit 1 (n = 15, red) and Visit 2 (n = 15, green). Within each box, the boundary lines illustrate the interquartile range, the horizontal line illustrates the median value, and the closed circles represent data from individual subjects. Each connecting line between two circles (one at Visit 1 and the other at Visit 2) highlights values obtained from the same patient across visits. For each statistically significant finding (*p < 0.05), the associated Cohen’s dz effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) are shown. Note that patients’ WM Cho and Cr were unidirectionally lower at Visit 2 than at Visit 1, with large reductions (∣dz∣ > 0.8) in frontal and parietal WM Cho, and moderate reductions (0.5 ≤ ∣dz∣ < 0.8) in temporal WM Cr.