Table 1.
Study design and patient metadata in early-onset colorectal cancer microbiome studies
| Study | Year | Total subjects | LoCRC cases (median age) | EoCRC cases (median age) | Controls (median age) | Race: % (n) White/Black | Sample types (sequencing methods) | Study location | PMID/DOI |
| Keshinro et ala,b | 2020 | 275 | 114 (70)c | 24 (33.6)c | 137 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (NGS panel) | New York, NY, USA | 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16070 |
| Jin et ala | 2022 | 358 | 304 | 54 | 0 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (RNA-Seq) | Columbus, OH, USA | 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.426 |
| Kharofa et al | 2022 | 1,301 | 611 | 81 | 609 (60) | Not stated | Stool (metagenome), meta-analysis of 11 studies | Cincinnati, OH, USA | 36056757 |
| Dave et ala | 2023 | 227 | Not stated | Not stated | 0 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (16S) | Cleveland, OH, USA | 10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.13 |
| Weinberg et al | 2023 | 63 | 27 (72) | 36 (38) | 0 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (16S) | Washington DC, USA | 10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.3530 |
| White et al | 2023 | 107 | 70 (61) | 37 (42) | 0 | 71%/7.5% | Tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa (metagenome) | Houston, TX, USA | 37465976 |
| Adnan et al | 2024 | 1,393 | 619 | 82 | Age matched: EoCRC controls 125/LoCRC controls 568 | Not stated | Stool and mucosal tissue (16S) | Chicago, IL, USA | 37967575 |
| Barot et al | 2024 | 276 | 140 (43) | 136 (73) | 0 | 83.6% (117)/14.3% (20) | Tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa (16S) | Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA | 38306898 |
| Hong et ala | 2024 | 377 | 0 | 377 | 0 | Not stated | Stool and mucosal tissue (16S, WGS, metabolomics) | St. Louis, MO, USA | 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e15646 |
| Jayakrishnan et al | 2024 | 64 | 44 | 20 | 0 | 100%/0% | Tumor tissue (16S), serum (metabolomics) | Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA | 39020083 |
| Jin et ala | 2024 | Not stated | Not stated | Not stated | 0 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (RNA-Seq) | Columbus, OH, USA | 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.3580 |
| Yang et al | 2021 | 1,038 | 379 (64) | 185 (40) | Age matched: EoCRC 217 controls (40)/LoCRC controls 257 (63) | Not stated | All stool (16S); stool subset of 200 samples (metagenome) | Shanghai, China | 34799562 |
| Xiong et al | 2022 | 98 | 43 | 24 | 31 | Not stated | Stool (16S) | Harbin, China | 36389150 |
| Xu et al | 2022 | 39 | 19 | 20 | 0 | Not stated | Tumor tissue (16S) | Shanghai, China | 36119074 |
| Kong et al | 2023 | 434 | 130 (62) | 114 (40) | Age matched: EoCRC controls 100 (39)/LoCRC controls 97 (62) | Not stated | Stool (metagenome/metabolomics) | Shanghai, China | 35953094 |
| Qin et al | 2024 | 460 | 293 | 167 | 0 | Not stated | Stool (metagenome), data from Yang et al and 8 public cohorts | Guangzhou, China | 38649355 |
Studies were separated based on country of origin (United States or China). Total subjects (by case status [late onset vs early onset] and controls) are presented, as well as median age for that groupc (except for Keshinro et al, which provided mean age). Early-onset cases were defined as cases diagnosed before age 50, except for Kenshinro et al, that defined them as diagnosed before age 40. Late-onset cases are defined as diagnosed after age 50. When available, racial demographics were included.
16S, 16S rRNA sequencing; EoCRC, early-onset colorectal cancer; LoCRC, late-onset colorectal cancer; NGS, next-generation sequencing; RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing; WGS, whole genome sequencing.
Abstracts.
Defined EoCRC as younger than 40 years.
Mean age.