Table 1.

Identified lncRNA-associated proteins and utilized methods.

S No.	LncRNAs	Specific Method	Remarks/Conclusions	References
1	MALAT-1	Patient samples and ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and CAOV3)	MALAT-1 is a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for many cancers.	[35]
2	UCA1	Via the miR-145/MYO6 axis	The UCA1/miR-145/MYO6 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.	[36]
3	T2D/HCC	NAFLD/T2D-associated HCC	Metformin may reduce the risk of cancer in patients with T2D. The unadjusted odds ratio was 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.02). The unadjusted odds ratio for any exposure to metformin since 1993 was 0.79 (0.67 to 0.93 lncRNA–protein interactions in the context of T2D or HCC).	[4,37]
4	Revealing protein	RAPID-SELEX, RNAcompete, RNA Bind-n-Seq, and RNA-Ma	Better understanding of lncRNA cellular mechanisms and their disease-associated perturbations.	[37,38]
5	LncRNA interaction	MS2 trapping, SILAC-based phage display, and protein arrays	LncRNA-bound proteome, or if still-uncharacterized protein domains and architectures are involved, the network will be high.	[37]
6	HULC	Tumorigenesis test in vitro and in vivo: RT-PCR and W. B.	Potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.	[33,37]
7	HULC	HULC interacts with the glycolytic enzyme LDHA	HULC promotes the Warburg effect by orchestrating the enzymatic activities of glycolytic enzymes.	[34,39]
8	Linc00152	Human tissue samples	Targeting YAP1/LINC00152/FSCN1 signaling axis prevents the progression of colorectal cancer.	[40]
9	HEIH	Non-coding RNAs	Nearly 8000 cancer-specific lncRNAs have been nominated; PCA3 is a prostate-specific prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer.	[41]
10	HOTTIP	In silico analysis, plasmid construction and transfection	Significantly, M1 exosomes and HOTTIP polarize circulating monocytes into the antitumor M1 phenotype, which may provide novel insight into HNSCC immunotherapy.	[11]
11	HOTAIR	HOTAIR-mediated gene silencing	It could be used in conjunction with current drugs to sensitize tumors to the existing therapies	[12]
12	CCAT1	RT-qPCR to level of miR-490-3p and CCAT1	Facilitate the development of novel therapeutic therapies for treating ovarian cancer.	[42]
13	CCAT2	BOP1-AURKB signaling	Overexpression of CCAT2 in colon cells promotes CIN and carcinogenesis by stabilizing and inducing expression of BOP1, an activator of aurora kinase B.	[43,44]
14	H19	Enhancing the growth and cell cycle of cancer by EMT induction	Increased proliferation, glycolysis induction, and miRNA-519d-3p downregulation by H19 to increase LDHA expression.	[45]
15	CCAT1-L	Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively	Inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and thus suppresses the gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis.	[46]
16	CRNDE	Chemosensitivity of GC in clinical samples and a PDX model	Highlights the significance of CRNDE as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target against chemoresistance in GC.	[47]
17	FER1L4	The cells were extracted from the embryos of rats	FER1L4 modulates the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs via regulating Ascl2.	[48]
18	PTENP	Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay	Inhibit cell proliferation and EMT and induce cell apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.	[15]
19	T-UCRs	qPCR array to profile all 481 T-UCRs in pancreatic cancer specimens and pancreatic cancer cell lines	Expression of T-UCRs in both human and mouse PDAC and a similar mechanism of upregulation in PDAC.	[49]
20	TUC338	Plasma, treatment, and cell lines, MS2-MBP protein expression and immobilization	The understanding of molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs. Inhibition of PCSK9 activity is an attractive target for treating the spectrum of sepsis and septic shock.	[33,50]