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. 2025 Jun;19(2):152–160. doi: 10.18502/jfrh.v19i2.19304

Table 2:

Association of Demographic and Spermogram indicators with Serum vitamin D levels using unadjusted logistic regression

Variable DF Abnormal DF normal Odds ratio Confidence interval 95% p-value
Age
  ≤40 32(52) 475(67) 1 - -
  >40 29(48) 240(33) 1.79 1.06 3.035
Job
  Driver 6 (9.8) 111 (15.5) 0.52 0.21 1.27
  Employee 10 (16.4) 148 (20.6) 0.65 0.31 1.35
  Worker& Farmer 10 (16.4) 120 (16.7) 0.80 0.39 1.67
  Other 35 (57.4) 338 (47.1) - - -
BMI
  BMI<25 19(31.2) 289(40) 1 - -
  25≤BMI<30 30(49.2) 308(43) 1.48 0.81 2.69
  30≤BMI 12(19.6) 116(17) 1.57 0.74 3.34
Smoking
  Non-smoker 51(83.6) 10(16.4) 1 - -
  Smoker 580(81.3) 134(18.7) 0.84 0.42 1.71
Vitamin D
  Sufficient (30≤Vit D) 30(49.2) 322(44.2) 1 - -
  Insufficient (20≤Vit D<30) 21(34.4) 253(34.8) 0.89 0.49 1.59
  Deficient (VitD<20) 9(14.8) 153(21) 0.63 0.29 1.36
Concentration
  Normal 55(91.6) 701(96.3) 1 - -
  Abnormal 5(8.4) 25(3.7) 2.54 0.93 6.91
Progressive movement
  PR 25(41) 487(67) 1 - -
  Non PR 35(59) 239(33) 2.85 1.66 4.87
Morphology
  Normal 34(56.6) 555(76.2) 1 - -
  Abnormal 26(43.4) 173(23.8) 2.45 1.43 4.20