Table 2.

Associations between the change in performance measures and blood pressure after sequential covariate adjustment.

	Outcomes
	Systolic blood pressure β (95% CI)	Diastolic blood pressure β (95% CI)
Model 1
Grip strength	0.88 (0.37, 1.40) ‡	0.69 (0.39, 0.98) ∥
Chair stand	0.22 (−0.02, 0.47)	0.07 (−0.03, 0.17)
Gait speed	0.61 (0.12, 1.10) †	0.71 (0.42, 0.99) ∥
Model 2
Grip strength	0.62 (0.09, 1.15) †	0.41 (0.10, 0.71) ‡
Chair stand	0.18 (−0.04, 0.40)	0.01 (−0.05, 0.07)
Gait speed	0.78 (0.26, 1.30) ‡	0.59 (0.28, 0.90) ∥
Model 3
Grip strength	0.59 (0.06, 1.11) †	0.35 (0.04, 0.65) †
Chair stand	0.17 (−0.05, 0.38)	0.00 (−0.06, 0.06)
Gait speed	0.74 (0.22, 1.26) ‡	0.55 (0.24, 0.85) ‡

Notes:

^*point estimates express the association between one standardized unit change in each performance measure and the associated BP change.

Significance

^†p<0.05;

^‡p<0.01;

^∥p<0.0001.

Model 1: age, race and ethnicity, clinic site, education.

Model 2: Model 1+ smoking status, alcohol use, cognitive function (Teng 3MS), self-rated health (SF12), time-varying physical activity (PASE score) and BMI (calculated using data from baseline, year 7 and 9 follow-up time points), prior fall, presence of at least one comorbidity (yes/no, osteoarthritis, COPD, kidney disease/failure, diabetes).

Model 3: Model 2 + CVD + time-varying duration of antihypertensive medication usage (calculated as the maximum value of a duration at each time point).