Table 5.
Multivariable associations between neurodevelopmental outcomes and characteristics in the CHD cohort without genetic diagnoses. Sulcal measures have been scaled to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1 in the entire sample. Data are presented as β ± SE (FDR p).
| Executive Function (n=163) | General Memory (n=164) | Processing Speed (n=152) | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| β ± (FDR p). | |||
| Right hemisphere sulcal similarity (d-TGA and ToF) | 0.6 ± 0.2 (0.02*) | 2.7 ± 2.0 (0.14) | 4.7 ± 1.8 (0.01*) |
| Right hemisphere sulcal similarity (SV) | −0.2 ± 0.2 (0.52) | −2.9 ± 1.8 (0.17) | −0.9 ± 1.6 (0.62) |
| d-TGA (vs. SV) | 0.5 ± 0.4 (0.39) | 3.4 ± 4.6 (0.55) | 14.4 ± 4.3 (0.004*) |
| ToF (vs. SV) | 0.2 ± 0.5 (0.70) | 6.1 ± 5.0 (0.31) | 9.0 ± 4.3 (0.07) |
| Self-reported white race | 1.0 ± 0.5 (0.07) | - | - |
| Family social class | 0.03 ± 0.01 (0.007*) | 0.39 ± 0.09 (<0.001*) | 0.28 ± 0.08 (0.004*) |
| Age at first operation, days | - | - | -0.01 ± 0.01 (0.61) |
| DHCA duration, minutes | −0.02 ± 0.01 (0.003*) | −0.15 ± 0.05 (0.01*) | −0.23 ± 0.05 (<0.001*) |
| Number of perioperative complications | −0.2 ± 0.1 (0.14) | - | - |
| Any neurological event | −1.0 ± 0.4 (0.02*) | −10.6 ± 3.1 (0.003*) | −4.3 ± 2.7 (0.17) |
| Number of catheterizations | −0.2 ± 0.1 (0.14) | - | - |
| Number of operations | - | 0.0 ± 2.2 (0.99) | −0.4 ± 2.0 (0.88) |
|
| |||
| R2 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.40 |
| RMSE | 1.7 | 14.8 | 12.7 |
| Cross-validation RMSE | 1.9 | 16.2 | 13.7 |
| % Change in RMSE | 10.4 | 8.3 | 7.5 |
*
FDR p < 0.05, CHD: congenital heart disease, DHCA: deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, d-TGA: d-transposition of the great arteries, FDR: false discovery rate, RMSE: root mean squared error, SE: standard error, SV: single ventricle, ToF: Tetralogy of Fallot