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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2025 Jun 6;10(12):1239–1248. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.05.016

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

T-statistic maps for thalamic localizer (TL) functionally defined regions of interest (fROIs) for group differences and associations with positive symptom severity in medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) seed resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the RS+TL sample (total N = 101). Significance was assessed grayordinate-wise using cortical surface GIFTIs in Permutation Analysis of Linear Models (PALM) within auditory cortex (AC) and visual cortex (VC) masks, using 10,000 permutations and threshold-free cluster enhancement. P-values were corrected for familywise error rate; t-statistic maps were thresholded at α = 0.05. A) Probability density maps of MGN fROIs obtained from the TL task across participants in the RS+TL sample, in Montreal Neurological Institute 152 non-linear 6th-generation (MNI152NLin6) space. B) MGN RS seed connectivity associations with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) Positive subscale scores in auditory cortex (AC), controlling for age, biological sex, handedness, and schizophrenia diagnosis, as well as PANSS negative and general subscores. Gray underlay shows the auditory cortex mask used in PALM. 28 significant grayordinates. PANSS data were available for 52 patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) and 42 healthy controls (HC); total N = 94. C) MGN seed connectivity extracted from the significant grayordinates visualized in B, with MGN resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) residualized to covariates, displaying the identified relationship between MGN seed connectivity and positive symptom severity. D) Probability density maps of LGN fROIs obtained from the TL task across participants in the RS+TL sample, in MNI152NLin6 space. E) LGN RS seed connectivity group differences between PSZ (n = 55) and HC (n = 46) in visual cortex (VC), controlling for age, biological sex, and handedness. 245 significant grayordinates. F) LGN seed connectivity extracted from the significant grayordinates visualized in E, displaying the distribution of LGN seed connectivity in HC and PSZ. Dashed lines in panel F indicate group means ± 1 standard deviation.