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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Health. 2020 Sep 2;70(4):1010–1018. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1784179

Table 2.

Baseline demographics, body composition and energy balance for the full sample and by study arm.

Full Sample
(N = 77)
Control
(N = 40)
WBV
(N = 37)
Characteristic Mean (SD) or % Mean (SD) or % Mean (SD) or % Range p-value
Age 27.11 (8.21) 26.87 (8.48) 27.36 (8.03) 18.24 – 55.11 0.800
Gender 1.000
 Female 75.00% 74.36% 75.68%
 Male 25.00% 25.64% 24.32%
Race 0.164
 White 73.02% 78.13% 67.74%
 Asian 17.46% 18.75% 16.13%
 Black 4.76% 0.00% 9.68%
 Pacific Islander 3.17% 0.00% 6.45%
 American Indian/Alaskan Native 1.59% 3.13% 0.00%
Non-Hispanic 85.33% 82.05% 88.89% 0.610
BMI (kg/m2) 28.25 (5.68) 28.24 (5.05) 28.25 (6.36) 21.37 – 50.27 0.996
Waist circumference (cm) 98.56 (13.87) 98.15 (11.92) 98.98 (15.87) 75.42 – 144.02 0.793
 Female 97.80 (13.06) 98.26 (12.25) 97.32 (14.05) 75.90 – 135.91
 Male 101.04 (16.52) 98.19 (12.15) 104.21 (20.65) 75.42 – 144.02
Weight (kg) 78.15 (17.43) 77.96 (14.94) 78.36 (19.99) 48.87 – 143.54 0.922
Fat mass (kg) 29.85 (10.58) 29.94 (10.17) 29.76 (11.14) 9.77 – 66.70 0.943
Lean mass (kg) 48.30 (10.14) 48.02 (9.09) 48.59 (11.29) 29.21 – 76.85 0.807
Body fat (%) 37.66 (7.32) 37.94 (7.77) 37.35 (6.88) 15.94 – 53.83 0.725
Android fat mass (kg) 2.46 (1.27) 2.38 (1.12) 2.55 (1.44) 0.52 – 7.06 0.572
Visceral fat mass (kg) 0.52 (0.29) 0.50 (0.26) 0.53 (0.33) 0.09 – 1.67 0.669
Energy expenditure (kcal/d) 185.33 (175.93) 176.85 (154.45) 194.49 (198.32) 0.00 – 797.74 0.666
Energy intake (kcal/day) 1933.60 (822.63) 2038.87 (839.62) 1819.80 (799.57) 668.22 – 4565.81 0.245