Table 2. Model performance comparison results.
| Model | R 2 | MAPEa | RMSEb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Double exponential smoothing | 0.9994 | 0.0015 | 0.0748 |
| ARIMAc | 0.9992 | 0.0025 | 0.0864 |
| MLPd | 0.9884 | 0.0094 | 0.3396 |
| LSTMe | 0.9830 | 0.0116 | 0.4110 |
| CNNf | 0.9371 | 0.0237 | 0.7903 |
MAPE: mean absolute percentage error.
RMSE: root mean squared error.
ARIMA: autoregressive integrated moving average.
MLP: multilayer perceptron.
LSTM: long short-term memory.
CNN: convolutional neural network.