Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2025 May 9;39(2):75–81. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000668

TABLE 1.

Demographics and Language Characteristics of the Cohort

Zuni dominant (N = 18) English dominant (N = 21) Total (N = 39) P

Age (y) 56.3 ± 9.9 51.5 ±11.0 53.7± 10.7 0.16
Male (%) 6 (33.33) 9 (42.86) 15 (38.46) 0.78
Education (Y) 12.0 [12.0;14.0] 12.0 [12.0;14.0] 12.0 [12.0;14.0] 1.00
Age learned Zuni 3.5 [3.0;4.0] 4.0 [3.0;6.0] 4.0 [3.0;5.0] 0.27
Age learned English 5.0 [4.5;6.0] 3.0 [3.0;5.0] 4.5 [3.0;6.0] 0.001
Language learned first 0.004
 Zuni (%) 15 (83.33) 6 (31.58) 21 (56.76)
 English (%) 3 (16.67) 13 (68.42) 16 (43.24)
% time Zuni used 67.5 [50.0;75.0] 40.0 [15.0;50.0] 50.0 [40.0;60.0] < 0.001
% time English used 32.5 [25.0;50.0] 60.0 [50.0;85.0] 50.0 [40.0;60.0] < 0.001
Language dominance Index 0.68 [0.64;0.72] 0.74 [0.69;0.82] 0.71 [0.66;0.78] 0.01

Note: Language dominance based on self-report primary language spoken. Unless otherwise specified, mean ± SD for normally distributed data and median (interquartile range) for not normally distributed data are presented. P-values reported from either t tests or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data and from the χ2 test with continuity correction for categorical data.