. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 1.

Published before final editing as: J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 2025 Apr 1:10.1093/jrsssa/qnaf033. doi: 10.1093/jrsssa/qnaf033

Table 7.

Racial and ethnic quality disparity estimates using a matched sample of 24,000 individuals

Approach	Black		Latinx
Approach	${\hat{γ}}_{1}$	$s e ({\hat{γ}}_{1})$	${\hat{γ}}_{2}$	$s e ({\hat{γ}}_{2})$

Observed score regression	−0.092	0.020	0.010	0.020

	Class 2 vs 1		Class 3 vs 1
3-Class latent model	${\hat{γ}}_{1}$	$s e ({\hat{γ}}_{1})$	${\hat{γ}}_{2}$	$s e ({\hat{γ}}_{2})$

White	0.95	0.074	2.01	0.053
Black vs White	0.32	0.074	−0.18	0.064
Latinx vs White	0.03	0.073	0.07	0.063

Note. Observed score regression estimates are mean increases or decreases in quality relative to White beneficiaries on a linear scale. Latent class model estimates are changes in the log odds of the probability of a higher quality class versus Class 1 based on a two-dimensional model.