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. 2025 Aug 12;122(33):e2425759122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2425759122

Table 2.

Summary of estimated volumetric growth by stage

Stage Parent radius
(μm)
Offspring radius
(μm)
Somatic cell radius
(μm)
Parental ECM volume change
(est., mm3)
Parental ECM growth rate
(est., mm3/h)
I 106±6 16±2 2.8±0.5
II 221±19 29±2 3.9±0.4 0.039 0.0026
III 244±13 30±4 4.0±0.3 0.015 0.0025
IV 422±6 79±6 4.2±0.4 0.229 0.0143
S 265±26 15±1 4.1±0.3 n/a n/a

Values reported are mean ± SD. Estimated ECM volume is volume of spheroid minus that estimated of juveniles and somatic cells, as explained in SI Appendix, Table S1. Values in final two columns represent changes with respect to preceding stage.