Table 1. Prevalences of the population by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the Brazilian adults in relation to consumption of sweetened soft drinks. National Health Survey, 2013.
| Variables | Soft drink consumption (cups/day) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 0.1 | 0.1–0.39 | 0.4–0.99 | ≥1.0 | |||
| % (95% CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 38.44 (36.03–40.91) | 43.52 (40.77–46.31) | 58.56 (55.45–61.59) | 52.99 (49.88–56.09) | <0.001 | |
| Female | 61.56 (59.09–63.97) | 56.48 (53.69–59.23) | 41.44 (38.41–44.55) | 47.01 (43.91–50.12) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–39 | 19.11 (17.04–21.37) | 29.10 (26.03–32.06) | 35.43 (31.94–39.07) | 40.11 (36.45–43.89) | <0.001 | |
| 40-49 | 26.27 (23–87–28.82) | 26.86 (24.23–29.65) | 28.32 (25.15–31.73) | 29.12 (25.86–32.60) | ||
| 50-59 | 26.18 (23–87–28.63) | 23.78 (21.31–26.44) | 23.27 (20.14–26.72) | 19.81 (17.00–22.96) | ||
| 60–74 | 28.44 (26.16–30.83) | 20.26 (17.98–22.75) | 12.98 (10.82–15.50) | 10.96 (9.03–13.23) | ||
| Color | ||||||
| White | 50.42 (47.96–52.88) | 47.19 (44.43–49.98) | 45.72 (42.44–49.03) | 48.55 (45.41–51.70) | 0.2709 | |
| Black | 8.40 (07.15–09.85) | 9.50 (8.01–11.23) | 10.57 (08.69–12.80) | 9.26 (7.52–11.35) | ||
| Yellow | 0.98 (0.510–1.88) | 0.38 (0.21–0.69) | 0.66 (0.39–01.12) | 0.49 (0.23–1.01) | ||
| Brown | 39.89 (37.59–42.24) | 42.58 (39.94–45.27) | 42.78 (39.68–45.93) | 41.38 (38.41–44.41) | ||
| Indigenous | 0.30 (0.17–0.54) | 0.34 (0.15–0.79) | 0.27 (0.13–0.56) | 0.33 (0.18–0.61) | ||
| Level of education | ||||||
| Low | 60.34 (57.82–62.82) | 54.27 (51.47–57.04) | 48.93 (45.70–52.17) | 51.80 (48.66–54.93) | <0.001 | |
| High | 39.66 (37.18–42.18) | 45.73 (42.96–48.53) | 51.07 (47.83–54.30) | 48.20 (45.07–51.34) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Yes | 21.14 (19.12–23.32) | 22.03 (19.80–24.43) | 22.94 (20.15–26.00) | 21.83 (19.26–24.65) | 0.7973 | |
| No | 78.86 (76.68–80.88) | 77.97 (75.57–80.20) | 77.06 (74.00–79.85) | 78.17 (75.35–80.74) | ||
| Consumption of alcoholic beverages | ||||||
| Non-drinker | 80.40 (78.31–82.34) | 79.36 (76.90–81.61) | 68.12 (64.88–71.20) | 70.83 (67.87–73.63) | <0.001 | |
| Light/Moderate | 14.49 (12.76–16.41) | 16.91 (14.82–19.23) | 23.93 (21.13–26.97) | 19.24 (16.89–21.83) | ||
| Abusive | 5.10 (4.15–6.26) | 3.74 (2.80-4.98) | 7.95 (6.25–10.06) | 9.93 (8.12–12.08) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 65.15 (62.81–67.42) | 70.12 (67.54–72.57) | 70.13 (67.09–73.01) | 64.21 (61.15–67.16) | 0.0005 | |
| Ex-smoker | 19.58 (17.77–21.51) | 17.93 (15.94–20.10) | 15.45 (13.40–17.74) | 17.93 (15.77–20.31) | ||
| Smoker | 15.27 (13.60–17.11) | 11.96 (10.25–13.90) | 14.42 (12.16–17.02) | 17.86 (15.48–20.53) | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Low weight | 2.60 (1.94–3.49) | 2.31 (1.59–3.32) | 1.74 (1.08–2.80) | 3.40 (2.27–5.06) | 0.0041 | |
| Eutrophic | 36.65 (34.29–39.08) | 38.44 (35.75–41.19) | 42.21 (38.99–45.49) | 43.74 (40.65–46.89) | ||
| Overweight | 36.60 (34.28–38.99) | 37.22 (34.63–39.88) | 35.42 (32.42–38.55) | 32.63 (29.83–35.57) | ||
| Obesity | 24.14 (22.09–26.32) | 22.04 (19.85–24.39) | 20.63 (18.17–23.33) | 20.22 (17.82–22.86) | ||
| Altered waist circumference | ||||||
| Yes | 46.45 (44.01–48.90) | 41.28 (38.62–43.99) | 32.77 (29.91–35.76) | 34.77 (31.90–37.75) | <0.001 | |
| No | 53.55 (51.10–55.99) | 58.72 (56.01–61.38) | 67.23 (64.24–70.09) | 65.23 (62.25–68.10) | ||
| Altered HDL cholesterol | ||||||
| Yes | 54.10 (51.63–56.55) | 51.55 (48.78–54.31) | 50.28 (47.02–53.53) | 54.35 (51.20–57.47) | 0.1600 | |
| No | 45.90 (43.45–48.37) | 48.45 (45.69–51.22) | 49.72 (46.47–52.98) | 45.65 (42.53–48.80) | ||
| Altered total cholesterol | ||||||
| Yes | 36.95 (34.62–39.33) | 33.50 (31.02–36.07) | 30.94 (28.11–33.92) | 28.57 (25.91–31.38) | <0.001 | |
| No | 63.05 (60.67–65.38) | 66.50 (63.93–68.98) | 69.06 (66.08–71.89) | 71.43 (68.62–74.09) | ||
| Altered LDL cholesterol | ||||||
| Yes | 21.50 (19.57–23.57) | 18.47 (16.65–20.56) | 17.39 (15.20–19.83) | 15.84 (13.80–18.12) | 0.0013 | |
| No | 78.50 (76.43–80.43) | 81.53 (79.44–83.45) | 82.61 (80.17–84.80) | 84.16 (81.88–86.20) | ||
| Diabetes (HbA1c > 6.5 or medication) | ||||||
| Yes | 12.62 (11.13–14.27) | 8.41 (7.06–9.98) | 6.44 (5.11–8.09) | 6.00 (4.75–7.56) | <0.001 | |
| No | 87.38 (85.73–88.87) | 91.59 (90.02–92.94) | 93.56 (91.91–94.89) | 94.00 (92.44–95.25) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 28.35 (26.16–30.64) | 24.80 (22.49–27.25) | 19.96 (17.61–22.55) | 21.80 (19.28–24.54) | <0.001 | |
| No | 71.65 (69.36–73.84) | 91.59 (90.02–92.94) | 93.56 (91.91–94.89) | 94.00 (92.44–95.25) | ||
| Cardiovascular risk | ||||||
| Low | 39.68 (37.25–42.17) | 52.47 (49.72–55.20) | 61.60 (58.47–64.65) | 65.39 (62.42–68.24) | <0.001 | |
| Medium | 37.09 (34.76–39.47) | 31.53 (29.08–34.09) | 25.64 (22.99–28.49) | 24.51 (21.94–27.27) | ||
| High | 23.23 (21.30–25.28) | 15.99 (14.17–18.00) | 12.75 (10.87–14.90) | 10.10 (8.55–11.90) | ||
*Pearson’s chi-square test; CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.