Table 5. Usability of digital health interventions by health care workers at health and wellness centers (HWCs), Chandigarh, Union Territory, 2022.
| Parameter | RCHa portal | ANMOLb | Ni-kshay | eVINc | IDSP-IHIPd | CPHC-NCDe app | eSanjeevani | FP-LMISf | HMISg | HWC portal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Using it on daily or weekly basis, n (%) | 85 (100) | 80 (100) | 9 (100) | 82 (100) | 101 (100) | 94 (100) | 15 (100) | 82 (100) | —h | 12 (100) |
| Yes, n (%) | 82 (96.5) | 17 (21.3) | 9 (100) | 47 (57.3) | 82 (81.2) | 70 (74.5) | 15 (100) | 40 (48.7) | 10 (100) | 8 (66.7) |
| Easy to use, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Very difficult, n (%) | 0 (0) | 59 (75.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Difficult, n (%) | 6 (7.3) | 11 (14.1) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.12) | 1 (1.2) | 10 (14.3) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Equal, n (%) | 7 (8.5) | 4 (5.1) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.12) | 6 (7.3) | 22 (31.4) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Easy, n (%) | 52 (63.4) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (10.6) | 31 (37.8) | 28 (40) | 7 (46.7) | 6 (15) | 3 (30) | 2 (25) |
| Very easy, n (%) | 17 (20.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (44.4) | 41 (87.2) | 43 (52.4) | 8 (11.4) | 2 (13.3) | 34 (85) | 2 (20) | 8 (75) |
| Easy to navigate different pages or task, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Strongly disagree, n (%) | 3 (3.7) | 35 (53) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Disagree, n (%) | 9 (11.0) | 11 (16.7) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.9) | 11 (15.7) | 4 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Neutral, n (%) | 6 (7.3) | 8 (12.1) | 3 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 6 (7.3) | 29 (41.4) | 3 (20) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Agree, n (%) | 56 (68.3) | 10 (15.2) | 3 (33.3) | 12 (25.5) | 38 (46.3) | 23 (32.9) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (27.5) | 6 (60) | 4 (50) |
| Strongly agree, n (%) | 8 (9.8) | 2 (3) | 2 (22.2) | 35 (74.5) | 33 (40.2) | 7 (10) | 3 (20) | 28 (70) | 1 (10) | 4 (50) |
| Total minutes spent on data entry/working on portal in a day, n | 82 | 17 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| 0‐30 minutes, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (33.3) | 47 (100) | 82 (100) | 5 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 40 (100) | 7 (70) | 8 (100) |
| 30‐60 minutes, n (%) | 25 (30.5) | 7 (41.2) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 25 (35.7) | 8 (53.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 60‐90 minutes, n (%) | 19 (23.2) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (11.4) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| >90 minutes, n (%) | 38 (46.3) | 6 (35.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 32 (45.7) | 4 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Received training, ni | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Yes, n (%) | 66 (80.5) | 78 (97.5) | 8 (88.9) | 45 (80.5) | 79 (78.2) | 70 (74.5) | 8 (53.3) | 37 (74.5) | 7 (70) | 5 (62.5) |
| No of days received training, n | 66 | 78 | 8 | 45 | 79 | 70 | 8 | 37 | 6 | 5 |
| 1‐2 days, n (%) | 64 (97) | 75 (96.2) | 6 (75) | 45 (100) | 77 (97) | 70 (100) | 8 (100) | 37 (100) | 6 (85.7) | 5 (100) |
| 3‐4 days, n (%) | 2 (3) | 3 (3.8) | 2 | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) |
| 1 week, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Used help desk or feedback option, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Yes, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| No, n (%) | 82 (100) | 76 (96.2) | 5 (55.5) | 44 (93.6) | 80 (97.6) | 69 (98.6) | 15 (100) | 40 (100) | 10 (100) | 8 (100) |
| Technical glitches while using portal, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Never, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 34 (70.8) | 20 (24.4) | 5 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 29 (72.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) |
| Rarely, n (%) | 15 (18.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (22.2) | 14 (29.2) | 27 (32.9) | 21 (30) | 3 (20) | 10 (25) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
| Sometimes, n (%) | 47 (57.3) | 2 (2.5) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0) | 18 (22) | 23 (32.9) | 7 (46.7) | 1 (2.5) | 5 (50) | 2 (25) |
| Most of the time, n (%) | 18 (22.0) | 4 (5.0) | 3 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 13 (15.9) | 21 (30) | 5 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (30) | 3 (37.5) |
| Always, n (%) | 2 (2.4) | 74 (92.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 1 (12.5) |
| Clearly understand the language of portal, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Yes, n (%) | 81 (98.8) | 76 (97.4) | 8 (88.9) | 46 (97.9) | 80 (97.6) | 70 (100) | 15 (100) | 40 (100) | 5 (50) | 8 (100) |
| Few words difficult to understand, n (%) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Perceive portal as useful | ||||||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 75 (91.5) | 5 (6.3) | 8 (88.9) | 44 (93.6) | 29 (35.4) | 25 (35.7) | 12 (80) | 35 (87.5) | 5 (50) | 8 (100) |
| Not sure, n (%) | 5 (6.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (4.3) | 38 (46.3) | 37 (52.9) | 1 (6.7) | 4 (10) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) |
| No, n (%) | 2 (2.4) | 75 (93.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 15 (18.3) | 8 (11.4) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Satisfied with functioning of portal, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 7 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Yes, n (%) | 56 (68.3) | 1 (1.3) | 5 (55.6) | 44 (93.6) | 56 (68.3) | 25 (35.7) | 5 (33.3) | 37 (92.5) | 5 (50) | 5 (62.5) |
| Not sure, n (%) | 17 (20.7) | 61 (78.2) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (6.4) | 14 (17.1) | 28 (40) | 7 (46.7) | 3 (7.5) | 4 (40) | 2 (25) |
| No, n (%) | 9 (11.0) | 16 (20.5) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 12 (14.6) | 17 (24.3) | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (12.5) |
| Motivated to use portal | ||||||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 77 (93.9) | 1 (1.3) | 9 (100) | 44 (93.6) | 26 (31.7) | 15 (21.4) | 6 (40) | 32 (80) | 6 (60) | 8 (100) |
| Not sure, n (%) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.4) | 26 (31.7) | 34 (48.6) | 5 (33.3) | 8 (20) | 3 (30) | 0 (0) |
| No, n (%) | 3 (3.7) | 78 (97.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 30 (36.6) | 21 (30) | 4 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 1(10) | 0 (0) |
| Has helped in adhering to treatment protocol, n | 82 | 78 | 9 | 47 | 82 | 70 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 8 |
| Yes, n (%) | 58 (70.7) | 5 (6.3) | 9 (100) | 41 (87.2) | 20 (24.4) | 30 (42.9) | 11 (73.3) | 32 (80) | 5 (50) | 3 (37.5) |
| Sometimes, n (%) | 19 (23.2) | 11 (13.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.3) | 46 (56.1) | 22 (31.4) | 3 (20) | 5 (12.5) | 5 (50) | 5 (62.5) |
| No, n (%) | 5 (6.1) | 64 (80.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.5) | 16 (19.5) | 18 (25.7) | 1 (6.7) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
a
RCH: Reproductive and Child Health.
b
ANMOL: Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Online.
c
eVIN: Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network.
d
IDSP-IHIP: Integrated Health Information Platform.
e
CPHC-NCD: Comprehensive Primary Health Care–Noncommunicable Disease.
f
FP-LMIS: Family Planning–Logistics Management Information System.
g
HMIS: Health Management Information System.
h
Not available.
i
Where n is the total number of participants who received training for the app or portal among the total users.