Table 6. Comparison of F₁-score of different BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models.

Model size and model name	All codes, 95% CI		Top 80% codes, 95% CI
	Multilabel	Top-5	Multilabel	Top-5
Base
NorDeClin-BERT-base-NorICDa	0.52 (0.51-0.53)	0.79 (0.79-0.80)	0.58 (0.57-0.59)	0.88 (0.87-0.88)
SweDeClin-BERT-SweICD	0.27 (0.26-0.27)	0.55 (0.54-0.56)	0.31 (0.30-0.32)	0.63 (0.62-0.64)
SweClin-BERT-NorICD	0.46 (0.45-0.47)	0.76 (0.75-0.77)	0.54 (0.53-0.55)	0.86 (0.85-0.87)
ScandiBERT-NorICD	0.45 (0.44-0.46)	0.76 (0.75-0.77)	0.54 (0.53-0.55)	0.86 (0.85-0.87)
NorBERT3-base-NorICD	0.50 (0.49-0.51)	0.78 (0.78-0.79)	0.57 (0.56-0.58)	0.87 (0.86-0.88)
Large
NorDeClin-BERT-large-NorICD	0.54 (0.53-0.55)b	0.81 (0.80-0.82)b	0.60 (0.60-0.61)b	0.89 (0.89-0.90)b
NorBERT3-large-NorICD	0.50 (0.49-0.51)	0.79 (0.78-0.80)	0.58 (0.56-0.59)	0.88 (0.87-0.89)

^aICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision.

^bHighest score for each scenario.