Table 3. User requirements for a digital health self-care intervention for heart failure: requirements derived from workshops with people with heart failure (n=16) and caregivers (n=4) in Australia.

User requirement theme	Detailed user requirements derived from participants’ ideas
Physical design	Devices must be portable so that they can be used both in and outside of the home. Devices must have “friendly” esthetics and not look like medical devices. Monitoring devices must provide reliable and valid information. The number of devices should be kept to a minimum (ideally one). Devices should be compatible with those already owned.
Accessibility and usability	Information and data should be readable and accessible. Data should be presented simply (eg, use icons such as ticks or red, amber, and green). Language should be simple and avoid technical jargon. Data entry should be simple and upload automatically. Passive data collection options should be available. Data presentation should include support to interpret it. Devices must be easy to use. Devices should be preconfigured.
Personalization and control	Information should be tailored to health status, health literacy, and user preferences. Users should have the option to turn off unwanted features, alarms, or reminders. Users should have the option to customize alarms (eg, sounds, vibration, timing, and snooze). Users should have the option to rewind and pause videos. Users should have the option to control the visibility of information to users and the sharing of information with others.
Engagement and user experience	Users should be engaged using incentives and gamification (eg, digital badges and rewards). Users should be able to set health goals and share achievements with other users. Language and images should be inclusive and tailored to the user. Data should be presented in a meaningful way (eg, a digital twin). Information should be delivered in a staged approach. Follow-up educational support should be provided after initial learning. Education should be continued beyond initial diagnosis.
Support and implementation	The intervention should be provided soon after diagnosis or hospitalization. Support for technology setup and system orientation. Access to medical advice should be provided out of hours (eg, 24/7 messaging or helpline). Feedback on monitoring should be timely. Implementation should be delivered in a staged approach (ie, introduce intervention progressively). All health care practitioners should be involved. Caregivers should be involved. Human contact should be maintained. The intervention should be free or low cost.
Integration and system organization	The intervention should be integrated into the wider health care system to ensure joined-up care. The intervention should increase public awareness of heart failure.