Table 1.
Participant Demographics, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Markers, Grouped by Cognitive Diagnosis
| Variable | CN (n = 347) | SCD (n = 259) | MCI (n = 373) | Total cohort (N = 979) | p Value |
| Demographics | |||||
| Agea | 54.33 ± 10.14 | 56.65 ± 9.37 | 62.89 ± 10.38 | 58.21 ± 10.72 | <0.001c |
| Sex (female)b | 218 (63.0) | 158 (61.0) | 217 (58.4) | 593 (60.7) | 0.455 |
| Education (y)a | 15.76 ± 3.23 | 15.14 ± 3.03 | 13.87 ± 3.88 | 14.88 ± 3.54 | <0.001c |
| APOE ε4 carrierb | 64 (20.6) | 44 (18.4) | 65 (18.0) | 173 (18.9) | 0.674 |
| Diabetes mellitusb | 27 (7.8) | 19 (7.4) | 44 (11.8) | 90 (9.2) | 0.087 |
| Hypertensionb | 71 (20.5) | 69 (26.6) | 154 (41.3) | 294 (30.0) | <0.001c |
| Hyperlipidemiab | 252 (72.6) | 175 (67.6) | 282 (76.0) | 709 (72.6) | 0.065 |
| CSVD markers | |||||
| EPVS lefta | 1.11 ± 0.46 | 1.17 ± 0.47 | 1.21 ± 0.51 | 1.17 ± 0.49 | 0.023c |
| EPVS righta | 1.01 ± 0.50 | 1.09 ± 0.52 | 1.11 ± 0.51 | 1.07 ± 0.51 | 0.021c |
| EPVS totala | 2.21 ± 0.88 | 2.26 ± 0.91 | 2.32 ± 0.93 | 2.23 ± 0.91 | 0.010c |
| EPVS Staals (high)b | 67 (19.3) | 63 (24.3) | 101 (27.1) | 231 (23.6) | 0.047c |
| WMH Staals (high)b | 118 (34.0) | 91 (35.1) | 193 (51.7) | 402 (41.1) | <0.001c |
| Lacunes Staals (high)b | 81 (23.3) | 60 (23.2) | 100 (26.8) | 241 (24.6) | 0.458 |
| MB Staals (high)b | 44 (12.7) | 33 (12.7) | 56 (15.0) | 133 (13.6) | 0.592 |
| Staals totala | 0.89 ± 0.97 | 0.95 ± 1.01 | 1.21 ± 1.06 | 1.03 ± 1.03 | <0.001c |
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; CN = cognitively normal; CSVD = cerebral small vessel disease; MB = microbleeds; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; EPVS = enlarged perivascular spaces; SCD = subjective cognitive decline; WMH = white matter hyperintensity.
a
Mean ± SD.
b
Frequency (percentages).
c
Significance level set at p < 0.05. Comparing the 3 groups using χ2 for categorical variables or 1 way ANOVA for continuous variables.