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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 26.
Published before final editing as: Tob Control. 2025 Jun 23:tc-2024-059094. doi: 10.1136/tc-2024-059094

Table 1.

Estimates of pouch use per day, cigarettes per day, and tobacco harm exposure (NNAL) over time by group (N=30)

Outcomes, LSMa (SE) 3mg Nicotine Group
(n = 15)
6mg Nicotine Group
(n=15)
Model P value
Pouch use per day (log-transformed)
 Week 1 1.82 (0.16) 1.37 (0.16) Group: F1, 29.2=12.78 0.001
 Week 2 1.91 (0.16) 1.22 (0.16) Time: F3, 81.3=0.09 0.96
 Week 3 2.02 (0.16) 1.14 (0.17) Group x Time: F3, 81.3=1.47 0.23
 Week 4 1.98 (0.16) 1.14 (0.17)
Cigarettes/day (baseline-adjusted, log-transformed)
 Week 1 2.09 (0.23) 2.05 (0.19) Group: F1, 26.2=1.29 0.27
 Week 2 1.66 (0.23) 1.86 (0.19) Time: F3, 74.4=3.77 0.01
 Week 3 1.52 (0.24) 1.78 (0.19) Group x Time: F3, 74.4=1.78 0.16
 Week 4 1.30 (0.25) 1.83 (0.19)
NNAL (square-root transformed) ng/ml
 Baseline 17.26 (1.89) 15.98 (1.89) Group: F1, 26.3=0.57 0.46
 Week 4 18.55 (1.94) 16.04 (1.91) Time: F1, 24.6=0.95 0.34
Group x Time: F1, 24.7=0.80 0.38
a

LSM = least squares mean