Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of Type 2 diabetes patients. Data are presented as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range). AER, albumin excretion rate; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting glucose; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine.
| Variable | Baseline | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|
| Female | 258 (37.2%) | 258 (37.2%) |
| Age (years) | 59.00 (52.25, 67.00) | 65.00 (57.00, 71.00)a |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 12 (6, 18) | 17 (10, 22)a |
| Follow-up time (years) | — | 4.53 (3.39, 6.00) |
| Weight (kg) | 71.00 (63.00, 80.00) | 70.10 (62.12, 79.97)a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.15 (23.15, 27.68) | 25.06 (23.13, 27.39) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.80 ± 10.44 | 95.60 ± 11.12 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 100.20 ± 8.32 | 100.84 ± 8.76 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.07 |
| Smoking | 313 (45.1%) | 315 (45.4%) |
| Drinking | 300 (43.2%) | 296 (42.7%) |
| Hypertension | 396 (57.1%) | 446 (64.3%)a |
| Fatty liver | 157 (22.6%) | 252 (36.3%)a |
| Coronary heart disease | 171 (24.6%) | 227 (32.7%)a |
| Osteoporosis | 57 (8.2%) | 102 (14.7%)a |
| History of cerebral hemorrhage | 6 (0.9%) | 18 (2.6%)a |
| History of cerebral infarction | 104 (15%) | 152 (21.9%)a |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | 462 (66.6%) | 519 (74.8%)a |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 198 (28.5%) | 236 (34%)a |
| Heart rate | 72 (70,78) | 74 (71, 78)a |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128 (120, 139) | 130 (121, 140)a |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.29)a |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.40 (1.87, 3.05) | 2.20 (1.69, 2.76)a |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.12 (3.49, 4.79) | 3.90 (3.29, 4.58)a |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.31 (0.89, 2.12) | 1.26 (0.88, 1.95)a |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.60 (6.00, 9.65) | 7.20 (5.80, 9.10) |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.70 (7.50, 10.00) | 8.60 (7.40, 9.70) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 325 (272, 388) | 342 (279, 415)a |
| AST (U/L) | 18 (15, 23) | 17 (14, 22)a |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.74 ± 3.03 | 39.34 ± 3.35a |
| Urinary AER (μg/min) | 14.20 (7.60, 41.50) | 13.95 (7.70, 35.35) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 92.29 (73.99, 100.91) | 83.72 (65.78, 95.31)a |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 62 (52, 75) | 67 (57, 81)a |
| TSH (μIU/mL) | 1.88 (1.23, 2.88) | 1.87 (1.18, 2.76) |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 2.93 (2.72, 3.18) | 2.95 (2.66, 3.15) |
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.31) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.28) |
a p < 0.05 versus baseline.