Table 3.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of Type 2 diabetes patients: No progression versus progression to impaired eGFR. Data are presented as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting glucose; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AER, albumin excretion rate; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine.
| Variable | No progression ( n = 130) | Progression ( n = 91) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Female | — | 74 (56.9%) | — | 30 (33.0%)a |
| Age (years) | 53.50 ± 11.76 | 58.08 ± 11.90 | 60.60 ± 8.37a,b | 65.60 ± 8.37a,b |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9 (4, 15) | 13 (7, 20) | 12 (7, 18)a,b | 18 (10, 24)a,b |
| Follow-up time (years) | — | 4.40 (3.35, 5.88) | — | 4.93 (3.85, 6.12)b |
| Weight (kg) | 70.00 (60.00, 79.10) | 70.00 (61.25, 79.75) | 70.00 (63.25, 77.75) | 70.00 (60.50, 78.50) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.18 (23.05, 27.40) | 25.42 (22.52, 27.39) | 24.91 (22.89, 27.36) | 24.86 (22.84, 27.16) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.90 ± 10.30 | 95.21 ± 10.03 | 94.84 ± 9.10 | 95.02 ± 8.21 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 98.45 ± 6.86 | 99.81 ± 7.22 | 99.26 ± 7.66 | 99.66 ± 5.37 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.06 |
| Smoking | 45 (34.6%) | 42 (32.3%) | 42 (46.2%) | 48 (52.7%)a |
| Drinking | 47 (36.2%) | 42 (32.3%) | 40 (44.0%) | 43 (47.3%)a |
| Hypertension | 66 (50.8%) | 72 (55.4%) | 52 (57.1%) | 58 (63.7%) |
| Fatty liver | 45 (34.6%) | 56 (43.1%) | 26 (28.6%) | 44 (48.4%) |
| Coronary heart disease | 25 (19.2%) | 34 (26.2%) | 17 (18.7%) | 32 (35.2%) |
| Osteoporosis | 16 (12.3%) | 22 (16.9%) | 6 (6.6%) | 12 (13.2%) |
| History of cerebral hemorrhage | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.2%) |
| History of cerebral infarction | 15 (11.5%) | 20 (15.4%) | 15 (16.5%) | 21 (23.1%) |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | 84 (64.6%) | 87 (66.9%) | 61 (67.0%) | 67 (73.6%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 40 (30.8%) | 39 (30.0%) | 22 (24.2%) | 31 (34.1%) |
| Heart rate | 74 (72, 78) | 74 (72, 78) | 74 (71, 78) | 76 (71, 78) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.55 ± 15.37 | 132.05 ± 17.24 | 130.76 ± 16.95 | 133.03 ± 15.85 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.29) | 1.06 (0.88, 1.22) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.30) |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.45 (2.08, 3.07) | 2.26 (1.81, 2.78) | 2.31 (1.75, 3.06) | 2.22 (1.74, 2.55) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.32 ± 1.06 | 4.08 ± 1.09 | 4.13 ± 0.94 | 3.93 ± 0.98 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.48 (1.02, 2.26) | 1.37 (0.97, 2.16) | 1.42 (0.93, 2.39) | 1.31 (0.93, 2.06) |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.70 (6.00, 9.93) | 7.00 (5.62, 9.20) | 7.50 (6.30, 10.10) | 6.80 (5.70, 8.85) |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.00 (7.47, 10.10) | 8.50 (7.20, 9.80) | 8.80 (7.20, 10.70) | 8.30 (7.12, 9.67) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 318.60 ± 85.08 | 386.17 ± 429.30 | 321.68 ± 76.63 | 362.99 ± 150.55 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.50 (16.00, 24.75) | 18.00 (15.00, 23.00) | 17.00 (14.00, 21.50) | 16.00 (14.00, 20.00)a |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.54 ± 2.55 | 40.36 ± 3.31 | 40.88 ± 2.59 | 39.30 ± 3.30a,b |
| Urinary AER (μg/min) | 32.24 ± 35.98 | 38.98 ± 47.12 | 60.32 ± 128.03b | 26.90 ± 34.00 |
| TSH (μIU/mL) | 1.85 (1.37, 3.00) | 1.85 (1.21, 2.86) | 1.71 (1.09, 2.68) | 2.08 (1.27, 3.12) |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 2.99 ± 0.41 | 3.10 ± 1.17 | 3.04 ± 0.36 | 2.93 ± 0.37 |
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.20 ± 0.18 | 1.20 ± 0.19 | 1.20 ± 0.20 | 1.20 ± 0.20 |
a p < 0.05 versus no progression at the same time point.
b p < 0.05 after adjustment for sex.