Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of included studies.
| Study ID | Study arms | Sample | Age, years, mean ± SD | Sex, male, n (%) | BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | Pain score, mean ± SD | PPT, kg/cm2, mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ay et al. [22] | KT | 31 | 44.80 ± 17.19 | 9 (22.6%) | — | VAS: 5.0 ± 2.00 | 6.24 ± 0.9 |
| Control | 30 | 44.10 ± 17.45 | 7 (23.3%) | — | VAS: 4.56 ± 2.17 | 6.29 ± 0.55 | |
|
| |||||||
| Bae [13] | KT | 23 | 23.3 ± 2.7 | 9 (39.1%) | — | VAS: 1.42 ± 0.92 | 5.10 ± 2.08 |
| Control | 19 | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 8 (42.1%) | — | VAS: 1.39 ± 0.15 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | |
|
| |||||||
| Bagheri et al. [30] | KT | 25 | 30.4 ± 5.68 | 0 | 23.5 ± 3.22 | — | 12.6 ± 3.4 |
| Control | 25 | 29.7 ± 5.92 | 0 | 24.0 ± 3.50 | — | 13.9 ± 3.6 | |
|
| |||||||
| Capó-Juan et al. [23] | KT | 25 | 39.12 ± 1.63 | — | 24.45 ± 0.93 | NPS: 5.32 ± 0.42 | 2 ± 0.29 |
| Control | 25 | 38.80 ± 1.91 | — | 24.25 ± 0.64 | NPS: 5.36 ± 0.37 | 2.8 ± 0.78 | |
|
| |||||||
| Dilek et al. [29] | KT | 24 | 32.5 ± 8.0 | — | — | VAS: 4.5 ± 2 | 4.4 ± 1.45 |
| Control | 21 | 31.3 ± 8.1 | — | — | VAS: 4.5 ± 2 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | |
|
| |||||||
| El-Azeim et al. [24] | KT | 20 | 23.20 ± 1.67 | — | — | VAS: 7.35 ± 0.67 | — |
| Control | 20 | 23.5 ± 1.76 | — | — | VAS: 7.1 ± 0.72 | — | |
|
| |||||||
| Ghuiba et al. [25] | KT | 15 | 31 ± 2.53 | 8 (53.3%) | 28.96 ± 0.95 | VAS: 8.21 ± 0.23 | 0.73 ± 0.18 |
| Control | 15 | 31.2 ± 2.11 | 6 (40%) | 28.58 ± 1.35 | VAS: 8.21 ± 0.23 | 0.79 ± 0.2 | |
|
| |||||||
| Halski et al. [19] | KT | 25 | 20.6 ± 1.5 | 4 (16%) | 22.9 ± 3.1 | VAS: 6.8 ± 1.8 | — |
| Control | 24 | 19.9 ± 0.8 | 0 | 21.9 ± 3.2 | VAS: 6.4 ± 1.6 | — | |
|
| |||||||
| Hashemirad et al. [20] | KT | 33 | 42.2 ± 15.8 | — | — | VAS: 6.5 ± 2.8 | — |
| Control | 18 | 42.7 ± 12.7 | — | — | VAS: 5.33 ± 2.7 | — | |
|
| |||||||
| Kalichman et al. [26] | KT-upper trapezius | 16 | 25.44 ± 1.63 | 6 (37.5%) | 21.88 ± 1.99 | — | 33.4 ± 14.98 |
| Control-upper trapezius | 16 | 26.06 ± 1.88 | 5 (31.5%) | 22.61 ± 2.16 | — | 30.27 ± 11.99 | |
| KT-gastrocnemius | 15 | 24.93 ± 2.02 | 5 (33.3%) | 21.58 ± 2.49 | — | 23.27 ± 14.2 | |
| Control-gastrocnemius | 15 | 26.27 ± 1.79 | 5 (33.3%) | 22.64 ± 3.04 | — | 26.9 ± 9.35 | |
|
| |||||||
| Kardes et al. [31] | KT | 14 | 22.79 ± 2.94 | 2 (14.3%) | 20.30 ± 6.14 | VAS: 5.42 ± 1.45 | 4.94 ± 2.4 |
| Control | 14 | 21.57 ± 2.02 | 1 (7.1%) | 22.99 ± 3.33 | VAS: 4.57 ± 1.50 | 4.65 ± 1.7 | |
|
| |||||||
| Noguera-Iturbe et al. [28] | KT | 20 | 22.9 ± 7.1 | 6 (30%) | 22.6 ± 4.5 | — | 2.61 ± 1 |
| Control | 17 | 21.7 ± 6.2 | 5 (29.4%) | 22.8 ± 4.1 | — | 2.94 ± 0.95 | |
|
| |||||||
| Öztürk et al. [21] | KT | 20 | 29.95 ± 4.90 | 3 (17.7%) | 22.71 ± 3.02 | VAS: 6.86 ± 1.87 | 3.85 ± 2.62 |
| Control | 17 | 33.86 ± 8.47 | 3 (17.7%) | 22.4 ± 4.60 | VAS: 6.45 ± 1.19 | 4.93 ± 2.53 | |
|
| |||||||
| Rasti and Shamsoddini [14] | KT | 15 | 30.20 ± 3.55 | 6 (40%) | — | NRS: 4.93 ± 1.53 | — |
| Control | 15 | 32.80 ± 6.98 | 9 (60%) | — | NRS: 5.33 ± 1.83 | — | |
|
| |||||||
| Shakeri et al. [27] | KT | 15 | 37.6 ± 11.56 | 0 | 21.47 ± 2.31 | VAS: 6.4 ± 1.99 | 1.62 ± 0.5 |
| Control | 15 | 31.62 ± 11.43 | 0 | 22.04 ± 3.75 | VAS: 6.0 ± 2.23 | 1.62 ± 0.5 | |
Note: kg/cm2 = kilograms per square centimeter, M = male.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, KT = Kinesio taping, MPS = myofascial pain syndrome, NPS = numerical pain scale, NRS = numerical rating scale, PPT = pressure pain threshold, VAS = visual analog scale.