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. 2025 Aug 12;35:e2506021. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2506.06021

Fig. 3. Barriers and innovations in dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy.

Fig. 3

This figure contrasts the immunosuppressive barriers that limit dendritic cell vaccine efficacy with emerging strategies designed to overcome them. Barriers include tumorderived cytokines (e.g., IL-10, VEGF), reduced DC migration, and T cell dysfunction. Innovative solutions involve cDC1 targeting, mRNA-based antigen delivery, adjuvant integration, and combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These approaches aim to enhance T cell priming and durable antitumor responses.