Table 3.

Functional outcomes of TPIAT

Outcome	Metric	1-year post-TPIAT	5-year post-TPIAT
Insulin independence	% of patient’s insulin-free	20%–40%	10%–25%
C-peptide persistence	% of patients with detectable C-peptide (indicating graft function)	80%–90%	70%–80%
Pain reduction	% of patients with significant pain relief	80%–90%	70%–80%
Opioid independence	% of patients off opioids	50%–60%	40%–50%
Quality of life improvement	% of patients with improved SF-36 or similar scores	60%–70%	50%–60%

TPIAT, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation; SF-36, Short Form-36.