Fig. 5.

Representative standard curve demonstrating binding sensitivity across varying concentrations. (A) Comparative analysis of the binding sensitivity between epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (B) Comparative study of Mucin-1 (MUC1) aptamer and ELISA in terms of binding sensitivity. (C) Relative fluorescence intensity (ru) of fluorescence spectra illustrating binding selectivity in response to EpCAM in the presence of interfering agents (BSA, PSA, VEGF, blank). Fluorescence intensity at an emission wavelength of 565 nm for the aptasensor (QD565-EpCAM) was determined under exposure to EpCAM (1.5 ng/mL), MUC1 (2 ng/mL), BSA (5 ng/mL), PSA (5 ng/mL), VEGF (5 ng/mL), and blank, respectively. (D) Relative fluorescence intensity (ru) profiles indicating binding selectivity corresponding to MUC1 with interfering agents. Fluorescence intensity at an emission wavelength of 525 nm for the aptasensor (QD525-MUC1) was assessed in the presence of EpCAM (1.5 ng/mL), MUC1 (2 ng/mL), BSA (5 ng/mL), PSA (5 ng/mL), VEGF (5 ng/mL), and blank, respectively. Error bars indicate standard deviation from independent experiments (n = 3). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. BSA, bovine serum albumin; PSA, prostate specific antigen; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.