Table 2. Relative gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risk from individual nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

	Gastrointestinal risk 21 , 22	Cardiovascular risk 18 , 20 , 23 - 26
High risk	piroxicam ketorolac high-dose aspirin (when used as an anti-inflammatory)	etoricoxib ketorolac
Moderate risk	naproxen indometacin mefenamic acid	ibuprofen diclofenac meloxicam indometacin mefenamic acid high-dose aspirin (when used as an anti-inflammatory)
Low risk	meloxicam diclofenac parecoxib etoricoxib	parecoxib piroxicam
Very low risk	ibuprofen celecoxib (lowest)	celecoxib naproxen (lowest)