Table 10.

Robust test 1-Gender comparison of moderating effect of social participation.

Moderating effect	Total	Male	Female	Comparison
	Coefficients	Coefficients	Coefficients	Test statistics (χ2)	p -Value
Unemployed*informal index	0.024 ***	0.039 ***	0.015 ***	4.94 **	0.026
Unemployed*formal index	−0.013	−0.0001	−0.008	0.04	0.834
Unemployed for 0–2 years*informal index	0.028 ***	0.037 ***	0.022 **	0.70	0.403
Unemployed for 3–5 years*informal index	0.033 ***	0.033*	0.036 **	0.01	0.921
Unemployed for 6–8 years*informal index	0.042 **	0.077 ***	0.015	1.29	0.256
Unemployed for 0–2 years*formal index	−0.067*	0.029	−0.133 ***	5.69 **	0.017
Unemployed for 3–5 years*formal index	0.041	0.119	0.049	0.34	0.561
Unemployed for 6–8 years*formal index	−0.642 **	−1.059 ***	−0.211	46.02 ***	0.000

The asterisk symbols following coefficients indicate different levels of statistical significance: ^***p < 0.01, ^**p < 0.05, ^*p < 0.1. Bold values in regression indicate statistically significant coefficients (P value < 0.05).