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. 2025 Aug 12;13:1611358. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611358

Table 8.

Robust test 1- Gender comparison of unemployment's effect on health.

Main effect Total Male Female Test statistics (χ2) p-Value
Unemployed −0.114 *** −0.185 *** −0.082 *** 7.25 *** 0.007
Unemployed for 0–2 years −0.143 *** −0.194 *** −0.113 *** 1.80 0.179
Unemployed for 3–5 years −0.176 *** −0.231 *** −0.133 *** 0.66 0.416
Unemployed for 6–8 years −0.175 *** −0.328 *** −0.083 0.98 0.323

***p < 0.01 (statistically significant at the 1% level). Bold values in regression indicate statistically significant coefficients (P value < 0.05).