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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1614408. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1614408

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

All patients (n = 121) ABMR/MVI (n = 46) Control group (n = 75) p-Value
Recipient demographics
Sex (female), n (%)
Age (years), mean ± SD
Ethnicity (Caucasian), n (%)
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD
Type 2 diabetes, n (%)
Cause of end-stage renal, n (%)
- Immune-mediated disease
- Cystic kidney disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Vascular disease
- Tubulointerstitial disease
- Unknown
- Other disease
KT preemptive, n (%)
Median time on dialysis (months, IQR)
54 (44.6)
54.5 ± 13.2
99 (81.8)
27.0 ± 5.7
36 (29.8)
22 (18.2)
15 (12.4)
19 (15.7)
15 (12.4)
11 (9.1)
29 (24)
10 (8.3)
15 (12.4)
20 (9–34.5)
28 (60.9)
53.7 ± 14.6
39 (84.8)
27.1 ± 6.3
13 (28.3)
8 (17.4)
7 (15.2)
7 (15.2)
5 (10.9)
2 (4.3)
13 (28.3)
4 (8.6)
7 (15.2)
16 (11–41)
26 (34.7)
54.9 ± 12.3
60 (80.0)
27.0 ± 5.3
23 (30.7)
14 (16.5)
10 (11.8)
13 (15.2)
11 (12.9)
10 (11.8)
21 (24.7)
6 (7.1)
8 (10.7)
20.5 (9–33.8)
0.005
0.637
0.508
0.875
0.779
0.440
0.461
0.775
Donor demographics
Sex (female), n (%)
Age (years), mean ± SD
Donor type, n (%)
- Living donor
- Donation after brain death
- Donation after cardiac death
Median cold ischemia time (hours, IQR)
Delayed graft function, n (%)
58 (48.7)
55.7 ± 14.4
26 (21.5)
70 (57.9)
25 (20.7)
12 (5–16.5)
31 (25.6)
20 (45.5)
54.8 ± 15.4
10 (21.7)
28 (60.9)
8 (17.4)
13 (7–16)
15 (32.6)
38 (50.7)
56.3 ± 13.7
16 (21.3)
42 (56)
17 (22.7)
10.5 (4.6–17)
16 (21.3)
0.583
0.569
0.778
0.530
0.168
Transplant characteristics
HLA cPRA over 50% before KT
HLA-DSA before KT, n (%)
- HLA-DSA class II
Previous transplantation, n (%)
Previous pregnancies, n (%) (n = 59)
Blood transfusion before KT, n (%)
Induction therapy (thymoglobulin), n (%)
Immunosuppression regimen (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids), n (%)
20 (16.5)
11 (9.1)
8 (72.7)
11 (9.1)
44 (81.5)
47 (38.8)
18 (15)
95 (78.5)
13 (28.3)
9 (19.6)
6 (66.7)
7 (15.2)
23 (82.1)
20 (43.5)
11 (24.4)
35 (76.1)
7 (9.3)
2 (2.7)
2 (100)
4 (5.3)
21 (80.8)
27 (36)
7 (9.3)
60 (80)
0.007
0.002
0.066
0.897
0.413
0.025
0.611
Follow up
Median time of follow-up (months, IQR)
Graft loss death censored at end of follow-up, n (%)
79 (58–98)
15 (12.4)
77 (51–106)
12 (26.1)
81.5 (64–95)
3 (4)
0.309
<0.001
Graft function at biopsy
Median time from KT to biopsy (months, IQR)
Renal function:
- Serum creatinine (mg/dl) mean ± SD
- eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min) mean ± SD
- Urine protein/creatinine ratio (mg/g) mean ± SD
HLA-DSA, n (%)
13 (12–16)
1.6 ± 0.7
49.3 ± 20.3
336 ± 462.4
26 (21.5)
14 (12–37.3)
1.8 ± 0.9
44.7 ± 17.4
428.9 ± 483.2
23 (50)
13 (12–15)
1.5 ± 0.6
52 ± 21.6
283.2 ± 450
3 (4)
0.016
0.050
0.070
0.084
<0.001