Table 2.

Comparison of CDSES scores between the two groups before and after intervention.

Index	Group	n	Before intervention	After intervention	Paired t-value	Paired p-value
General self-management	Observation group	46	3.74 ± 1.05	6.95 ± 1.32	−12.898	<0.001
	Control group	46	3.45 ± 1.15	5.12 ± 0.99	−7.472	<0.001
	Independent t-value	–	1.242	7.512	–	–
	Independent p-value	–	0.218	<0.001	–	–
Completed self-management	Observation group	46	3.23 ± 1.44	6.87 ± 1.20	−13.162	<0.001
	Control group	46	3.58 ± 1.29	5.81 ± 1.50	−7.652	<0.001
	Independent t-value	–	−1.219	3.722	–	–
	Independent p-value	–	0.226	<0.001	–	–
Coping with problems	Observation group	46	3.79 ± 1.17	6.81 ± 1.04	−12.202	<0.001
	Control group	46	3.59 ± 1.19	6.04 ± 1.27	−9.549	<0.001
	Independent t-value	–	0.800	3.185	–	–
	Independent p-value	–	0.426	0.002	–	–
Achievement effect	Observation group	46	2.41 ± 0.51	5.96 ± 1.31	−15.943	<0.001
	Control group	46	2.32 ± 0.47	5.02 ± 1.28	−13.433	<0.001
	Independent t-value	–	0.859	3.493	–	–
	Independent p-value	–	0.393	0.001	–	–