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. 2025 Aug 12;12:1592325. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1592325

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the two cohort.

Variables Derivation cohort (n = 941) Validation cohort (n = 396)
Age, years 71 (60–81) 70 (59–79)
Sex, n (%)
Male 676 (71.8%) 292 (73.7%)
Female 265 (28.2%) 104 (26.3%)
Smoke 443 (47.1%) 178 (44.9%)
Drink 316 (33.6%) 125 (31.6)
Cardiovascular disease 651 (69.2%) 225 (56.8%)
Cerebrovascular disease 381 (40.5%) 173 (43.7%)
Diabetes 231 (24.5%) 117 (29.5%)
SOFA score 6 (4, 8) 6 (4, 8)
APACHE II score 18 (13, 22) 17 (12, 23)
Respiratory rate, cycles/min 23 (20, 29) 22 (20, 28.8)
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg 122 (103.5, 142) 120 (103, 145)
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg 70 (60, 81) 68 (60, 78)
P/F, mm Hg 187.8 (131, 247.2) 203.0 (141.1, 272.6)
WBC count, ×109/L 11.2 (7.5, 15.3) 11.5 (8.3, 16.5)
LYM count, ×109/L 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) 0.7 (0.5, 1.1)
N/L 10.1 (6.1, 19.8) 13.7 (7.7, 24.0)
HgB, g/L 104 (87, 123) 106 (90, 120)
Platelet count, ×109/L 188 (125.5, 267) 186 (123.2, 272.8)
TP, g/l 56.2 (51, 61.1) 56 (51.3, 60.1)
ALB, g/l 29.2 (26.2, 32.2) 30.2 (27.4, 33.6)
LDH, U/L 341 (245, 515.5) 321 (241.5, 466.2)
CRE, μmol/L 61 (45, 93) 63.5 (42, 108)
BUN, mmol/L 9 (6, 14.2) 10.0 (6.3, 15.1)
CRP, mg/L 98.8 (46.1, 163.2) 92.0 (42.3, 147.8)
PCT 0.8 (0.2, 3.4) 0.8 (0.2, 3.2)
Glu, mmol/L 7.1 (5,5, 9.7) 7.7 (6.3, 9.7)
D-dimmer, μg/mL 2.8 (1.5, 5.4) 3.1 (3.5, 6.5)
Lac, mmol/L 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) 1.6 (1.2, 2.2)
VD 403 (42.8%) 166 (42.0%)

P/F, PaO2/FiO2; WBC, white blood cell; LYM, lymphocyte; N/L, Neutrophils/lymphocyte; HgB, hemoglobin; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRE, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Glu, glucose,; Lac, lactate; VD, vasoactive drug.