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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15940-7

Table 1.

Hyperparameters used to train CNN models.

Hyperparameter Value
Learning rate 0.0001
Batch size 64
Kernel/filter size 3 Inline graphic 3
Dropout rate 0.5
Activation function ReLU
Number of epochs 20
Number of dense layers/Neurons 1 dense layer with 128 neurons
Color channels 3(RGB)
Min delta 0.0001 with Patience 5