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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15940-7

Table 5.

Comparison with existing approaches.

Study Model Accuracy (%)
Singh et al.51 GLCM + SVM 95.99
Islam et al.52 SVM 95.00
Chakraborty et al.53 VGG16 92.69
VGG19 80.39
ResNet50 73.75
MobileNet 78.84
Proposed model EDL7 97.94