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. 2025 Aug 25;15:31321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14914-z

Table 7.

Discriminant validity test.

ELCP ELCS SA OWB
ELCP 0.790
ELCS 0.359** 0.762
SA 0.427** 0.503** 0.865
OWB 0.407** 0.428** 0.569** 0.890

The bold diagonal elements represent the square roots of each AVE, while the off-diagonal elements display the construct correlations. **p < 0.01.