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. 2025 Aug 12;17:1607332. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1607332

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Copyright © 2025 Liu, Zhou, Ding, Chen, Chen and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot showing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for various medical variables, including hypertension, acute renal failure, pneumonia, ventilation, sepsis, white blood cell count, sodium, calcium, glucose, prothrombin time, and creatinine. Each variable is assessed for its effect, with p-values indicating statistical significance. The plot displays whether conditions are associated with worse or better outcomes, centered around a dashed vertical line at OR = 1. — Forest plot of multivariate logistic regression subgroup analysis (adjusted for all covariates as model 3).