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. 2025 Mar 27;16(4):1453–1464. doi: 10.1007/s41999-025-01185-0

Table 3.

Appropriateness of antibiotic start-up treatment for UTIs and choice of antibiotic type for UTIs among residents in nursing homes

France*** Greece***** Lithuania**** Poland***** Spain**** Total
Appropriateness of antibiotic start-up treatment decision n % n % n % n % n %
 Highly appropriate  ≥ 2 lower UTI symptoms* OR flank/back pain 16 (38.1) N/A 6 (33.3) 50 (72.5) 30 (15.1) 102 (31.1)
 Likely appropriate 1 lower UTI symptom AND one of systemic symptoms** 1 (2.4) N/A 1 (5.6) 5 (7.3) 3 (1.5) 10 (3.0)
 Likely inappropriate 1 lower UTI symptom* and no systemic symptoms** 9 (21.4) N/A 6 (33.3) 7 (10.1) 31 (15.6) 53 (16.2)
 Highly inappropriate No UTI symptoms 16 (38.1) N/A 5 (27.8) 7 (10.1) 135 (67.8) 163 (49.7)
 Total 42 (100) N/A 18 (100) 69 (100) 199 (100) 328 (100)
Appropriateness of the choice of antibiotic type
 First-line antibiotic, n (%) 13 (28.3) N/A 12 (38.7) 33 (30.8) 118 (55.4) 176
 Total 46 (100) N/A 31 (100) 107 (100) 213 (100) 397 (100)

*Lower UTI symptoms: dysuria, urgency, frequency, incontinence (18)

**Systemic symptoms: fever or shaking chills

***National first-line antibiotic for cystitis: Fosfomycin, amoxicillin

****National first-line antibiotics for cystitis: Fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin

*****National first-line antibiotics for cystitis: Fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole