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. 2025 Aug 12;17:1635861. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1635861

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Copyright © 2025 Sim, Seo, Lee, Ye, Lyu and Sohn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Brain surface visualizations arranged in a 4x3 grid depicting cluster p-values, vertex-wise t-statistics, and standardized beta values for different cortical measures: CT (+), SD (+), LGI (+), and LGI (-). Each column shows a different statistical parameter with corresponding color scales, illustrating variations across the brain surface models. — Whole-brain statistical maps showing associations between visuospatial function scores and cortical morphometry: (a) CT, (b) SD, (c) LGI (positive correlation), and (d) LGI (negative correlation). From left to right: corrected cluster-wise p values, vertex-wise t-statistics, and standardized β coefficients. CT, cortical thickness; SD, sulcal depth; LGI, local gyrification index.