Table 1.
Participants’ demographic characteristics (n = 317).
| Variables | n (%) | Total score of self-management activation mean (SD) | F/t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1.936△ | 0.054 | ||
| Male | 154 (48.6) | 71.23 (17.82) | ||
| Female | 163 (51.4) | 67.44 (17.11) | ||
| Age(years) | 16.047 | <0.001 | ||
| 65 ~ 69 | 91 (28.7) | 75.98 (14.32) | ||
| 70 ~ 79 | 140(44.2) | 69.69 (16.49) | ||
| ≥80 | 86 (27.1) | 61.53 (19.30) | ||
| Type of medical insurance | 23.841 | <0.001 | ||
| Employee medical insurance | 147 (46.4) | 77.20 (14.35) | ||
| Urban resident medical insurance | 35 (11.0) | 67.43 (18.49) | ||
| New rural cooperative medical scheme | 129 (40.7) | 60.88 (16.86) | ||
| Other medical insurance | 6 (1.9) | 69.67 (11.15) | ||
| Educational level | 32.754 | <0.001 | ||
| Primary school or below | 165 (52.0) | 62.48 (16.34) | ||
| Junior high school | 63 (19.9) | 71.24 (18.39) | ||
| High school | 46 (14.5) | 79.26 (12.67) | ||
| Associate degree or above | 43 (13.6) | 81.81 (11.97) | ||
| Marital status | 31.875 | <0.001 | ||
| Married | 258 (81.4) | 72.71 (15.92) | ||
| Divorced | 6 (1.9) | 49.67 (20.37) | ||
| Widowed | 53 (16.7) | 54.83 (16.17) | ||
| Pre-retirement occupation | 33.436 | <0.001 | ||
| Worker | 90 (28.4) | 71.62 (16.42) | ||
| Farmer | 135 (42.6) | 60.74 (16.73) | ||
| Service personnel | 84 (26.5) | 79.38 (13.63) | ||
| Other | 8 (2.5) | 81.00 (6.05) | ||
| Living arrangement | 16.412 | <0.001 | ||
| Living alone | 35 (11.1) | 56.23 (16.19) | ||
| Living only with spouse | 183 (57.7) | 72.04 (16.26) | ||
| Living only with children | 32 (10.1) | 57.69 (18.37) | ||
| Living with spouse and children | 67 (21.1) | 74.09 (15.81) | ||
| Number of comorbidities (Types) | 13.169 | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 164 (51.7) | 73.26 (15.91) | ||
| 2 ~ 3 | 141 (44.5) | 66.11 (18.09) | ||
| ≥4 | 12 (3.8) | 52.17 (15.36) | ||
| Vision acuity status | 5.848△ | <0.001 | ||
| Clear | 213 (67.2) | 73.34 (15.42) | ||
| Blurry | 104 (32.8) | 60.96 (18.71) | ||
| Use of assistive walking devices | −8.812△ | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 26 (8.2) | 43.23 (18.55) | ||
| No | 291 (91.8) | 71.61 (15.47) | ||
| Number of hospitalizations due to chronic diseases in the past year(Number of times) | 12.584 | 0.005 | ||
| 0 | 237(74.8) | 71.61(16.19) | ||
| 1 ~ 2 | 77(24.3) | 61.74(19.67) | ||
| ≥3 | 3(0.9) | 78.67(4.16) | ||
| Perceived outdoor environmental comfort | 64.156 | <0.001 | ||
| Comfortable | 144 (45.4) | 78.92 (11.05) | ||
| Neutral | 159 (50.2) | 62.18 (17.92) | ||
| Uncomfortable | 14 (4.4) | 50.86 (14.77) | ||
| Smoking history | −0.969△ | 0.333 | ||
| Yes | 45 (14.2) | 66.93 (15.28) | ||
| No | 272 (85.8) | 69.67 (17.88) | ||
| Alcohol consumption history | 0.160△ | 0.873 | ||
| Yes | 36 (11.4) | 69.72 (18.27) | ||
| No | 281 (88.6) | 69.22 (17.47) | ||
| Fear of falling | 31.704 | <0.001 | ||
| Not afraid | 131 (41.3) | 77.42 (12.28) | ||
| Slightly afraid | 80 (25.2) | 70.60 (14.65) | ||
| Somewhat afraid | 64 (20.2) | 63.16 (18.11) | ||
| Very afraid | 42 (13.3) | 50.71 (18.66) | ||
| Self-care ability (Points) | 52.323 | <0.001 | ||
| 41 ~ 60 | 10 (3.2) | 39.40 (21.87) | ||
| 61 ~ 99 | 170 (53.6) | 63.45 (16.10) | ||
| 100 | 137 (43.2) | 78.70 (12.78) | ||
△Indicated as t-test.