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. 2025 Jun 17;18(7):sfaf189. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaf189

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© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3: — Depiction of uEV markers for different cell types of the urinary tract. Depicted are markers for bladder and prostate (a), renal pelvis (b), tubule system and juxtaglomerular apparatus (c) and the glomerulus (d). PPAP, prostatic acid phosphatase; TGM4, prostate transglutaminase; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; APN, aminopeptidase N; URAT1, urate transporter 1; SGLT2, sodium/glucose cotransporter 2; CA IV, carbonic anhydrase, NHE3, Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger isoform 3; NCC, thiazide‐sensitive Na‐Cl cotransporter; AQP2, aquaporin 2; V-ATPase, vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase; AQP1, aquaporin-1; UMOD/THP, uromodulin/Tamm–Horsfall protein; NKCC2, Na‐K‐2Cl cotransporter; SLC14A2, Solute Carrier Family 14 Member 2; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; β-1 AR, beta-adrenergic receptor-1; SM22-α, smooth muscle 22 alpha; α8 integrin, alpha-8 integrin; WT-1, Wilms’ tumor 1; CR1, complement receptor 1; TRCP6, canonical transient receptor potential 6.