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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1595418. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1595418

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Copyright © 2025 Long, Li, Deng and Tan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Graphs titled A to G compare CN and MD groups across various metrics. A and B show average water and food intake over 15 days, respectively. C compares anal temperature during adaptive and modeling phases. D indicates a significant weight change rate difference. E presents fecal water content across phases. F shows path traces in colored grids for both groups. G displays static time in seconds. CN is marked by circles, MD by triangles. — General behavioral observations and symptoms of the mice. (A) Average water intake, (B) Average food intake, (C) Anal temperature, (D) Weight change rate, (E) Fecal water content, (F) Activity tracking of mice, (G) The static time in each group. The values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05. CN: Normal group (n = 5); MD: Model group (n = 5).