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. 2024 Aug 27;60(9):2049–2059. doi: 10.1007/s00127-024-02748-5

Table 1.

Definitions and data sources of the outcome and explanatory variables used

Variable Used Data Source Date Extracted Definition
Outcome Variable
Detentions under the Mental Health Act 1983 NHS Digital Mental Health Services Data Set 2021/22 People subject to detention under the Mental Health Act expressed as a rate of the base population of each CCG. Available for all ages.
Main Analysis
Severe Mental Illness NHS Digital Quality and Outcomes Framework 2020/21 The number of patients on GP registers recorded as having schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, or other psychoses as a percentage of all people on GP registers. Available for all ages.
Depression NHS Digital Quality and Outcomes Framework 2020/21 The number of patients on GP registers aged 18 + with a new diagnosis of depression recorded between April 1st 2020 – March 31st 2021 as a percentage of all people on GP registers.
Deprivation PHE’s Fingertips Database (Indicator 93275) 2019 The Index of Multiple Deprivation Score of each CCG - an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area. Available for all ages.
Non-White Ethnicity PHE’s Fingertips Database (Indicator 93267) 2011 Percentage of population reporting to be Non-White UK (includes Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller and Northern Irish people). Available for all ages. Data from the 2011 Office for National Statistics Census.
Age Office for National Statistics 2020 (Mid-2020 Population Estimates) Percentage of the population who were aged 18 to 35. Data extrapolated from the 2011 Office for National Statistics Census.
Sex Office for National Statistics 2020 (Mid-2020 Population Estimates) Percentage of the population who record their sex as “male”. Available for all ages. Data extrapolated from the 2011 Office for National Statistics Census.
Community and outpatient mental health service visits PHE’s Fingertips Database (Indicator 93622) 2019/20 Directly standardised rate of attended non-inpatient contacts with secondary mental health services, per 100,000 population. Available for all ages.
Urbanicity Office for National Statistics 2021 2011 Rural-Urban Classifications- “Predominantly Urban”, “Urban with Significant Rural”, and “Predominantly Rural”.

Note NHS: National Health Service; CCG: Clinical Commissioning Group; PHE: Public Health England; GP: General Practitioner