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. 2025 Aug 12;12:1534249. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1534249

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© 2025 Jia, Liu, Li, Mu, Lin, Chen, Lu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CT scans of a shoulder, highlighting the scapula and humerus. Panel A shows a 3D reconstruction from the side, detailing skeletal structure. Panels B, C, and D are cross-sectional views with red circles and lines indicating measurements, including angles and distances. Each image labels specific bone features for analysis. — (A) This figure is a 3D CT image of the shoulder joint, showing calcium deposits within the shoulder joint. (B,C): These figures show the cross-sectional CT of the shoulder joint and the measurements of d, d ‘and θ. (D): This figure shows the coronal CT of the shoulder joint, measuring the value of s, s’, $θ$ ’.