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. 2025 Jul 18;39(9):875–898. doi: 10.1007/s12149-025-02088-7

Table 1.

Summary of optimized β values for Q.Clear in various PET imaging settings

Publication Tracer Application Optimal β value Scanner type Study type
Teoh et al. 2015 [22] 18F-FDG Pulmonary nodules 400 Discovery 690 PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Howard et al. 2017 [39] 18F-FDG Small pulmonary nodules (mean diameter of 8 mm) 150 Discovery IQ PET/CT Clinical
Wangerin et al. 2017 [40] 18F-FDG Synthetic spherical lesions in liver and lung regions 450 (liver); 250 (lung) Discovery 690 PET/CT Clinical
Rowley et al. 2017 [41] 90Y Post- selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) imaging for the treatment of liver malignancies 4,000 Discovery 710 PET/CT Phantom and clinical
O’Doherty et al. 2017 [42] 13N-NH3 Quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) imaging 300 Discovery 710 PET/CT Clinical
Reynes-Llompart et al. 2018 [27] 18F-FDG Brain acquisitions (neuro-oncologic) and torso acquisitions (oncologic whole body acquisition) 200 (brain); 350 (torso) Discovery IQ PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Teoh et al. 2018 [43] 18F-fluciclovine Prostate cancer 300 Discovery 710 PET/CT Clinical
Bjöersdorff et al. 2019 [44] 18F-fluorocholine Prostate cancer 400–550 Discovery MI PET/CT Clinical
Miwa et al. 2020 [45] 18F-FDG Sub-centimeter tumor lesions 200 Discovery MI PET/CT Phantom
Lindstrom et al. 2020 [46] 18F-flutemetamol Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with Aβ pathology 300 Discovery MI PET/CT Clinical
Texte et al. 2020 [47] 18F-FMISO/18F-FAZA Hypoxia imaging of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) 350 Discovery 710 PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Seo et al. 2020 [48] 68 Ga-citrate

Prostate cancer with castration-resistant

disease

500 SIGNA PET/MRI Phantom and clinical
Yoshii et al. 2020 [34] 18F-NaF Bone metastases 400 Discovery MI PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Baratto et al. 2020 [49] 68 Ga-RM2/68 Ga-PSMA Prostate cancer 400–600 SIGNA PET/MRI Clinical
Witkowska-Patena et al. 2020 [50] 18F-PSMA-1007 Prostate cancer 350 Discovery 710 PET/CT Clinical
Chicheportiche et al. 2021 [33] 68 Ga-DOTA Neuroendocrine tumors 1,300–1,600 Discovery MI PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Kirchner et al. 2021 [51] 89Zr-immunoPET tracer 89Zr-immuno PET imaging 3,600 Discovery 710 PET/CT Clinical
Usmani et al. 2021 [52] 18F-NaF Skeletal staging in obese patients 600 Discovery 710 PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Rijnsdorp et al. 2021[53] 68 Ga-PSMA Prostate cancer 600 Discovery 710 PET/CT Clinical
Wagatsuma et al., 2022 [25] 11C-PiB/18F-FDG Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with Aβ pathology 300 (11C-PiB); 200 (18F-FDG) Discovery 710 PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Ribeiro et al. 2022 [54] 11C-PHNO Dynamic brain PET 100–200 SIGNA PET/MRI Clinical
Tian et al. 2022 [55] 18F-FDG General tumor PET/MRI imaging 400 SIGNA PET/MRI Phantom and clinical
Ruan et al. 2023 [36] 68 Ga-FAPI Lesions with obviously high FAPI uptake 350 SIGNA PET/MRI Clinical
Margail et al. 2023 [56] 68 Ga-PSMA-11

Biochemical recurrence

of prostate cancer

400–600 Discovery 710 PET/CT and Discovery MI PET/CT Clinical
Young et al. 2023 [57] 15O-H2O Dynamic PET for quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements 300 Discovery MI PET/CT Clinical
Sadeghi et al. 2023 [58] 18F-FDG Rectal cancer detection using BGO-based PET 500 (large lesions); 300(small lesions) Discovery IQ PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Fukuda et al. 2024 [59] 18F-flutemetamol Amyloid PET imaging without PSF correction 300 Discovery MI PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Fooladi et al. 2024 [37] 68 Ga-PSMA Robustness of radiomics features in PSMA-PET images 300–500 Discovery IQ PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Wagatsuma et al. 2024 [60] 18F-flutemetamol Amyloid PET imaging without PSF correction 600 Discovery MI PET/CT Phantom and clinical
Calatayud-Jordán et al. 2024 [61] 90Y 90Y PET/MR imaging after SIRT 4,000 (high image quality); 1,500–2,000 (high quantitation) SIGNA PET/MRI Phantom
Di Franco et al.\, 2024 [62] 68 Ga-DOTANOC Neuroendocrine tumors 1,300–1,600 Discovery MI PET/CT Clinical
Bonney et al. 2025 [63] 89Zr Optimizing phantom studies for quantitative imaging 1,500 Discovery 710 PET/CT Phantom