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. 2025 Aug 12;12:1624682. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1624682

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Copyright © 2025 Valk and McMorrow.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line graph titled "TGI" displaying two cases. The x-axis represents age in years from 25 to 55, and the y-axis represents TGI values from 0 to 5. Case 1, labeled "Normal" with A1C 5.5 percent, follows a lower trajectory compared to Case 2, labeled "Prediabetes" with A1C 6.0 percent. Both lines rise with age, Case 2 rising more steeply. — Comparison of Troponin I glycation index (TGI) over 30 years for one individual developing prediabetes and one normal individual. Initial reference point at age 25 for both was with the same optimal reference TGI of 1.6, A1c 31 mmol/mol (5.0%), TGR 1.0 and cTnI 1.6 ng/L. Area under the curve (AUC) revealed a doubling of the amount of myocardial tissue glycated in the prediabetic individual compared to the normal (39/19.5).