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. 2025 Aug 12;16:1655946. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1655946

FIGURE 2.

Graphs and plots showing various cardiovascular metrics in different experimental conditions. Panels A to C display line graphs for percent change in pulse pressure variation and carotid/femoral-line aortic time constants over time, comparing LR, LR + GM, and WB groups. Panels D and E show waveform graphs under these conditions. Panels F to H present scatter plots of mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressure against pulse wave velocity, highlighting statistical correlations with different markers.

In vivo aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and diastolic τ measurements. The percent change from baseline levels of carotid-femoral PWV (A), the aortic diastolic τ accessed from the carotid tracing (B), and the aortic diastolic τ accessed from the femoral tracing (C) were calculated from continuous arterial blood pressure waveforms of LR (blue), LR+GM (green), and WB (red) animals. Examples of the waveforms from the carotid measurements (D) and femoral measurements (E) at r120 (end of experiment) from each group are presented. Correlation analysis between PWV and MAP (F), SAP (G), and DAP (H) was conducted for values at baseline (open triangles) and at r120 (filled triangles). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. $ p < 0.05 for LR vs. LR+GM, ## p < 0.01 for LR vs. WB at the same timepoint, using two-way ANOVA.