Figure 2.

Tregs alleviate multiple organ tissue damage during acute inflammation of sepsis. During the acute inflammatory stage, Tregs help control excessive inflammation and prevent tissue damage. In the kidneys, IL33R+ and IL2Ra + Tregs prevent AKI and subsequent fibrosis development. In the lungs, Tregs reduce neutrophil activity, while TNFR2+ Tregs inhibit Th17 cells to ease acute lung injury. In the brain, Tregs enhance SAM by lowering acute inflammation. In the liver, Tregs decrease hepatic inflammation and limit liver damage. SAM sepsis-associated encephalopathy, AKI acute kidney injury, ALI acute lung injury, EVs extracellular vesicles, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells